STRUCTURES. 75 



said here. In the division on Planting some observations are made 

 as to the proper treatment of this necessary line, and of the trees 

 that are placed on or near the enclosure. But the intrusion of 

 fencing for useful purposes such as the exclusion of cattle or deer 

 from the garden within the boundaries of the estate, requires 

 careful attention. Already, in treating of formation, something has 

 been said as to the making of the boundary between the garden 

 proper and the park. There is a difference in quality of tone 

 between the lawns or trimmed turf of the garden and the pasture 

 of the park or the fields, that is more or less conspicuous as a line 

 of demarcation. The coarser grass is apparent, and the effect is 

 not agreeable. When such a division is close to the eye, that is, 

 not far from the house, it is preferable to make the difference at 

 once marked by a boundary of light iron fencing. But when the 

 landscape, with its features of planting, or distant buildings, cattle 

 or deer, has to be kept in the entire effect of the picture, artifice 

 must be used to save the intrusion of a cutting line, distant though 

 it may be. Though the objects beyond do not belong to the 

 garden proper, and possibly are not under control of the occupier, 

 yet they have been made parts of the picture. When the boundary 

 is sufficiently distant from the sight to make the difference of 

 colour in the turf not so apparent, though a rigid line of fence 

 might be noticed ; or when a place is small in extent, and a line 

 of fencing at right angles to the line of sight would make it appear 

 smaller still, then a hidden fence may be properly used. The 

 ordinary devices that may be employed are : a sunken wall, to the 

 summit of which the ground should be made. The wall should 

 be not less than 4 ft. high, and there should be a level space at 

 its foot of not less than 4 ft. The slope of the ground beyond it 

 should be not less than 2:1; or a bank can be raised on the inner 

 side of the wall to about a foot above its level. This bank should 



