90 THE ART AND PRACTICE OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



The higher the latitude of the place, the more must the aspect be 

 turned towards the west, so that the southern wall may be turned at 

 right angles to the sun at one o'clock p.m. 



If, however, hothouses are not to be extensively employed, then 

 it becomes important for the sake of ripening fruit that there should 

 be a great length of south wall ; and, consequently, a parallelogram 

 is the best form to adopt, with sides as five to three. 



An orchard of standard trees should be contiguous to the kitchen 

 garden, and the trees should be planted regularly. It is important 

 that there should be shelter provided when such protection does not 

 naturally exist. Trees make the best screen, and they should be 

 planted on the north, north-west, and north-east sides. In a new 

 plan such a screen might consist of poplar, spruce, sycamore, beech, or 

 pine, as may be best suited to the district. Various forms of kitchen 

 garden are shown in examples (see Plan). The borders inside the 

 walls should be from 12 to 18 ft. wide, falling about, 6 in. towards 

 the walks. They should be from 2 to 3 ft. deep, well drained, and 

 made with both good top and bottom soil as stated above. If a 

 layer of material be placed under the soil to prevent roots of fruit- 

 trees penetrating too deeply, this layer must be drained, so that by 

 removing the cold stagnant water the soil may be rendered warmer, 

 and capable of receiving air and water warmed by the sun. The 

 main paths in a kitchen garden should be made sufficiently wide 

 to allow the passing of a light cart. The centre walk, leading from 

 the pleasure ground through the kitchen garden to the hothouses, 

 may advantageously be bordered with turf, having immediately 

 beyond a border of herbaceous plants, or of roses or cutting flowers, 

 and beyond that again espalier trees ; or it may pass under an arch 

 covered with cordon fruit- trees; at any rate, it may be made at- 

 tractive, and not have vegetables too prominent along its course. 

 A basin forms a pleasant object in the centre of a kitchen garden, 



