8 ATLAS OF BIOLOGY. 



FIG. XI. The same, dissected from the front, the ventral wall together with one of the 

 aurieulo-ventricular valves having been removed, x 6. 



The rod, passed from the ventricle into the pylangium, indicates the course taken by 

 the blood which flows into the carotid and aortic trunks. 



The most recent contribution to the anatomy of the smaller valves of the amphibian 

 heart is that of Boas (2). 



FIG. XII. Dissection of the same, from the left side, all the great cavities opened 

 up. x 4. 



From nature, after Huxley's figure for Eana esculenta (11). 



In preparing the heart from which Figs. IX. to XI. are drawn, the body-cavity of a 

 large frog was laid open, and the whole contents hardened in alcohol* undisturbed. On 

 removing the heart for dissection, the lungs, kidneys, and a portion of the gullet were 

 brought away with it, and finally removed piece by piece, as the great vessels were followed 

 out. By this means a heart, fully distended with its contained blood, may be easily 

 obtained. 



FIG. XIII. The urino-genital organs of the male, dissected from the front, after 

 removal from the body. 



The cloaca and bladder were opened up. x 2. 



The figure to the left represents the lower portion of the kidney and genito-urinary 

 duct in the 3 of Sana esculenta. 



FIG. XIV. The urino-genital organs of the female, dealt with in the same manner as 

 the above, except that, in order to show the natural relations of the mouth of the oviduct, 

 the left lung and a portion of the oesophagus were also removed from the body. 



The genital gland of the right side has been dissected away, x 1 . 



^ 



* See Appendix C. 



ail. Adrenal. 



an. Arch of aorta. 



ar. Arytenoid cartilage. 



a.s. Inter-auricular septum. 



an'. Right auricle. 



au". Left auricle. 



b.d. Common bile-duct. 



l>.d'. Orifice of the same. 



ra. Carotid trunk. 



c.d. Cystic duct. 



c.ffl. Carotid gland. 



rl- Cloaca. 



cl'. Epidermal-lined portion of the same 



Corpus adiposum. 



Duodenum. 



Eustachian recess. 



Fallopian tube. 



Mouth of the same. 



Gall-bladder. 



Glottis. 



Hepatic duct. 



Hyoid bone. 



Ileum. 



Ilium. 



Intrinsic muscles of lar\ nx. 



Internal nostril. 



