6 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 1918 



The eggs are relatively large, being about 0-25 to 0-32 mm. in diameter. 

 They are mostly in the central canals. The abundant red spicules, covering 

 the surface of the calicles and intercalicinal spaces with a continuous, thin, 

 firm layer, are well-illustrated on PL II, figs. 1-3, which show the principal 

 forms of the larger and fully developed ones, but there are also large numbers 

 ot -mallei and le>s matured spicules similar in form and ornamentation. The 

 mo>t numerous forms are very rough, short, thick, warty spindles, douhle- 

 .-pindlcs, and ellipsoids, with prominent subdivided lobules, and ornamented 

 ends, as shown on PI. II, figs, la-h: 2a-d: 3a-e. Some of these are stellate when 

 seen endure, as shown in fig. 1, and fig. 2, e, f. Some of the smaller forms 

 are shown in iijr. 1 k-p. With these more abundant forms are some odd irregular 

 forms, like lig. li and fig. 3f; some might be called popped-corn-shaped, and there 

 are also elongated simple warty spindles, like fig. 1, q, r, s. These last are 

 very similar to those of the distal part of the polyps, forming the chevrons, 

 hut are not quite so slender. 



The walls of the stems of the branches and of the main stalk contain a 

 very much smaller number of similar spicules, averaging perhaps rather smaller, 

 but the larger ones are about as large as those of the calicles. Some of these 

 from the main stalk are shown in fig. 2 h-j. These are mostly white. 



The larger spicules of the surface of the calicles measure 0-14X0 -05: 

 0-14X0-045: 0-09X0-045: 0-09X0-04: 0-07X0-045 mm. The elongated 

 spindles measure about 0- 15X0-025: 0-13X0-02 mm. 



The species has a wide circumpolar distribution in Arctic and Sub-Arctic 

 waters. It was recorded by me in 1865, from the North Pacific. It is known 

 from the northern coasts of Europe, and from eastern America, from the Bay 

 of Fundy and from the fishing "Banks" off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, 

 and from the gulf of St. Lawrence (Orphan bank) to Hudson bay and Green- 

 land. It is the only common shallow water Alcyonarian of the coasts of 

 Alaska and Arctic America generally. 



It occurs in shallow water and down to 140 fathoms or more, mostly on 

 hard bottoms with pebbles and shells. 



The following specimens were obtained by the Canadian Arctic Expedi- 

 tion: 



6, Station 20D, Beach at Grantley harbour, Port Clarence, Alaska, July 31, 

 1913. In alcohol. Var. parvistella. Polyps unusually small. Bright 

 red spicules. 



1, large. Station 20a. Same locality, in 2 to 3 fathoms, mud bottom, 

 with algae. Aug. 4, 1913. Fine specimen in alcohol. See PL XVIIa, 

 fig 1. 



5, Station 23, Lat. 70 24' N. Long. 161 25' W, in 9 to 10 fathoms, mud 

 and pebbly bottom. Aug. 19, 1913. In alcohol. 



9, dry. Station 24, on beach, sandspit at Point Barrow, Alaska, Aug. 23, 

 1913. 



1, dry. Station 28M. Beach at Collinson point. Camden bay Alaska 

 June 1914. 



21, dry. Station 48c. On beach at Locker point, Coronation gulf North- 

 west Territories, June 1916. 



Mr. F. Johansen and Dr. R. M. Anderson collected the above, and some 

 specimens have been sent from the Geological Survey of Canada, collected 

 by Rev. \V . G. ^ alton on the east shores of Hudson bay, while Dr \ G 

 Huntsman, Atlantic Biological Station of Canada, has sent some specimens.' 

 ludson bay examples were from a locality ten miles north of Great 

 Whale river, July, 1919. 



The North Pacific Exploring Expedition collected it in Bering straits, 

 west coast in shallow water, and in the Arctic ocean in 35 fathoms. (VerrilL 



