16 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 



Lepidomuricea grandis Yen-ill. 



Paramuricea grandis VERRILL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. XI, p. 37, pi. Ill, 

 figs. 3-3b, 1883. 



Plate VIII, Figs. 1-2 (spicules). Plate X, Fig. 1 (general). 



The structural characters of this species are sufficiently indicated in the 

 generic description. It grows to a large size, with stout trunk and branches, 

 black or dark sepia brown, as preserved, but is reported by the fishermen to 

 be light orange or salmon colour when living. It often reaches a height of 

 two feet, and one and a half broad, with the larger branches half an inch thick. 

 Most of the larger specimens examined have been taken on the deeper fishing 

 grounds around the Grand Banks, and off Nova Scotia by the Gloucester 

 fishermen and presented to the U.S. Fish Commission. It was taken by the 

 "Albatross" at Station 317, Lat. 31 57' N. in 333 fathoms, and at Station 

 253, Lat. 40 53' N. and Long. 66 24' W. in 956 fathoms. It was also taken 

 by the "Blake", off Georges Bank, in 524 fathoms. 



Jungersen (op. cit., 1916, pp. 28, 31) has doubtfully referred this species 

 to Paramuricea placomus. It is very different from that species in its spicules as 

 well as in some other characters, and apparently grows to a much larger size. 

 The larger spicules of P. placomus are very irregular and roughly branched 

 and lobed, and those of the coenenchyma are not scale-like. (See PI. VI, figs. 

 8, 8a, representing spicules from a large Norwegian specimen). 



Family BRIAREIDyE Gray, 1859. 

 Paragorgia pacifica Verrill. New species. 



Paragorgia; species, WHITEAVES, Canadian Naturalist, vol. VIII, p. 466, 1878. 

 Plate VIII; Figs. 3-4 b (details). 



This species was described by me for one of Dr. Whiteaves' reports, about 

 1877, but the description seems not to have been published. I have seen only 

 the original specimen mentioned by Dr. Whiteaves in 1878. 



It is a more delicate and smoother species than P. arborea of the North 

 Atlantic, and the spicules differ considerably (see PI. VIII, figs. 4-4b). The 

 type was a profusely branched specimen. The internal structure as seen in 

 a cross section (fig. 3) is finer and more compact, and the longitudinal canals 

 (a, a, d, d) are relatively smaller. The central axial portion (e) is quite distinct, 

 being harder, more compact, and lighter in colour than the surrounding middle 

 layer (d), its larger spicules are longer and larger, and mostly with fewer warts 

 (fig. 4b); some are forked. The outer layer or coenenchyma proper (c) con- 

 tains an abundance of smaller spicules, mostly very irregular warted spindles 

 of various sizes (see PI. VIII, fig. 4). The type was from Jervis inlet, British 

 Columbia, taken on fishermen's line,s in about 10 fathoms. (Mr. Richardson's 

 Collection, 1875). Another was collected by Mr. Wm. Spreadborough, at 

 Ucluelet, Vancouver island, B.C., in 9 fathcrns, June, 1909. (Col. No. 51, 

 Ccelenterates, Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa). 



