18 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 



It is often infested with a small actinian (Synanthus mirabilis V.) which 

 has a base that entirely surrounds a branch, like a ligature, and girdles it, some- 

 times causing it to break off readily, if not spontaneously. 1 (See text Fig. 18). 



Nearly all the numerous specimens that I have studied were caught entangled 

 on the long trawl-lines set for halibut and cod, by the Gloucester fishermen on 

 the "Banks," and presented to the U.S. Fish Commission. They are now 

 mostly in the U.S. National Museum, and Yale University Museum, 

 donations were received from about thirty schooners. Large specimens were 

 often saved with great trouble and at great risk by the boat crews. 2 



Anthothela Verrill. 



Anthothela VERRILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1879, p. 199. 



Briareum (pars) M. SARS, Fauna Litt. Norvegise, p. 63, pi. X, figs. 10-12. 



Polyps elongated in expansion, arising from elevated calicles, into which 

 they are partially retractile, leaving the large anthocodia exposed. Seldom 

 ^iti^vij i-otractile. The oaJioIes arise either from an extended rather thin 

 spiculose baoal memorane or from slender irregular stems. In the stems there 

 is a spiculose axis, well differentiated, but not very firm. Spicules are mostly 

 elongated, strongly warted, often irregular spindles; those of the axis are more 

 irregular, and with fewer and larger warts and knobs or lobes. 



Anthothela grandiflora (M. Sars) Verrill. 



Briareum grandiflora M. SARS, op. cit., p. 63, pi. X, figs. 10-12. 



Anthothela grandiflora VERRILL, op. cit., p. 199, 1879: Bullet. Mus. Comp- 

 Zool. Vol. XI, No. 1, p. 40, pi. IV, figs. 6, 6a, 1885: Ann. Rep. U.S. Fish. 

 Comm. for 1883, p. 535, 1885. J. F. WHITEAVES, Catal. Mar. Invert. 

 E. Canada, p. 32, 1901. 



Plate VI; Figs. 1-4. Text Fig. 2. 



This species when young consists of a rather thin, spiculose, crust-like basal 

 membrane, upon which the prominent erect calicles are irregularly scattered. 

 When more developed it rises up into thin, irregular, and often interlaced or 

 adherent branches, which bear the rather prominent calicles irregularly scat- 

 tered. In the branched form it has a distinct spiculose axis. In this form 

 it may be 50 mm. to 60 mm. or more in height. The polyps seem capable of 

 nearly complete retraction within the calicles; the anthocodia are left exposed. 

 They are covered with eight large groups of many convergent spicules contained 

 in the stalks of the tentacles and arranged chevron wise; below these there is 

 a collar or wreath containing numerous slender spicules placed obliquely and 

 transversely in many rows. Those of the basal part of the anthocodia are 

 shorter and arranged transversely in about six rows; proximally they are smaller. 

 Most of the calicles are distinctly 8-ribbed, especially distally, and 8-lobed at 



x See Amer. Jour. Science, vol. 7, pp. 211, 217, fig. 23, 1899. 



2 Lists of the numerous valuable donations made by captains and crews of each schooner were pub- 

 lished in the Cape Ann Advertiser, weekly in 1878 and 1879, and were subsequently reprinted in the Annual 

 Report of the Fish Comm. for 1879, p. 783. Most of the Invertebrates were identified by me, except 

 Crustacea, identified by Prof. S. I. Smith. They included over 700 lots, and contained many new 

 genera and species in nearly all classes of Invertebrates as well as various strange fishes. That list should 

 be consulted for the fauna of the Fishing Banks 



