28 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 



this form. Its height is 35 mm., breadth 15 mm., length of naked stem 10 mm. 

 It is attached to an annelid tube which is entirely enclosed by the base. The 

 polyps are all in partial expansion. They entirely cover the short clavate 

 branches except for a very short naked basal area. Although crowded they 

 show in some places naked ccenenchyma between them. 



The anthocoidal area of the polyps is relatively large, strongly eight-ribbed, 

 often half the length of the exposed polyp-body, and is filled with eight double 

 rows of slender warted spicules in chevrons. It is usually separated from the 

 proximal part by a constriction, and by a wreath of spicules, placed obliquely 

 and transversely. 



The proximal part of the polyp-body is usually equal in diameter to the 

 anthocodia, and often larger. It is usually eight-ribbed and has eight rows 

 of small spicules. In strongly contracted specimens the anthocodial area is 

 the larger one. 



The tentacles have swollen prominent bases, with the tips curled in over 

 the oral area in most cases. They are stiffened by numerous small spindles. 

 Those of the proximal part of the body are similar but shorter, thicker and more 

 strongly warted. The spicules of the cortex of the stem are short and wide, 

 ellipsoidal, ovoid, or short fusiform, partly of those kinds that I have called 

 popped-corn shaped (figs. 4, h-1). Some of these have a narrow naked median 

 zone; others none at all; their lobes are prominent, often divided or lacerate at 

 the tips. Some compound crosses also occur with irregular unequal branches 

 and prominent lobes. For comparison I have reproduced in outline several 

 of the figures given by Danielssen, from his type (see PI. V, fig. 4). This form 

 was united to G.fruticosa by Jungersen (1916), but was kept as a distinct species 

 by Kiikenthal (1906, 1909), and by Molander (1915). In general form it 

 seems quite distinct, but there are no marked differences in the spicules. Kiiken- 

 thal recognized a variety, pellucida, from off Spitzbergen and the Siberian 

 coast in 40 and 21 meters. 



Molander recognized several varieties: crassa, pellucida, and truncata. 



It is very nearly allied to G. carnea, and is widely distributed in the Arctic 

 ocean. Molander records it from off Newfoundland in 164 meters. The 

 specimen described above was from Station 35 or 36, 1873, in the gulf of St. 

 Lawrence, and was sent by the late Dr. J. F. Whiteaves. Studer recorded it 

 from off the Azores in 927 meters. 



Eunephthya Verrill (typical). 



Eunephthya VEBRILL, Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. 47, p. 284, March, 1869, Remarks 



on Halcyonid Polyps, No. 3. Type designated w&sNephthya thyrsoidea Ver. 



from Cape of Good Hope (not Eunephthya of Ktikenthal, Jungersen and 



others, nor of Thomson, 1910, South African). 

 Capnella KUKENTHAL (non GRAY), Valdivia Exped., Bd. XIII, 1906; THOMSON, 



J. S., Alcyonaria of the Cape of Good Hope and Natal, Alcyonacea, Trans. 



Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, Vol. XLVII, part 3, No. 19, p. 375, 1910. 



When this genus was originally established by me, E. thyrsoidea V. (there 

 misspelled thyrsoides) was definitely designated as the type. Several more 

 recent writers have misinterpreted the genus, so as to include several arctic 

 and boreal species that are quite unlike the type in the character of the calicles, 

 spicules, etc. 



When it was established, however, I mentioned an undescribed species 

 from Greenland as one to be included in the genus, under the name of E. 

 glomerata (Liitken's MS. name on labels). The latter was then briefly described 

 (1869) and was more fully described by me in 1883, as lutkeni (on account of 

 erroneously supposed previous use of glomerata). It has since had various 

 names both generic and specific (see below). 



