Alcyonaria G 41 



Large numbers of slightly raised fertile siphonozooids are scattered over all 

 the top, between the polyps. The stalk beajs neither polyps nor siphonozooids. 

 The base may be eitjher expanded and simple, or else lobed, when adherent to 

 stones; but on muddy bottoms it usually has more or less numerous thick root- 

 like or bulbous nodules and lobes extending downward into the mud for anchorage 

 (figs. 6, 7). The ccenenchyma is abundant and contains numerous channels 

 connecting the polyps and siphonozooids. The ccelenterons of the large polyps 

 extend to the base. The siphonozooids contain ova, but have no tentacles. 



The tentacles and their pinnae contain numerous slender fusiform and rod- 

 like spicules. The cortex of the top contains abundant rod-like, fusiform, and 

 some club-shaped and double stellate spicules with a few crosses, etc. (see pi. 

 XVII, fig. 1). The spicules of the interior are mostly slender spindles and rods. 

 Colour is usually deep red, varying to purple and light red. It does not fade 

 much in alcohol. 



The Anthomastus purpureus (K. and D.) as Sarcophyton, of the Norwegian 

 coast, is much like our species, but the described specimens are much smaller 

 and probably young. Its polyps, as described, are only about half as large as 

 those of our full grown examples. 



Studer described A. agaricus from 1267 meters, off Newfoundland, (op. 

 cit., p. 27, pi. i, figs. 6-9, 1901). His largest examples were badly contracted, 

 small, and probably very young, having only about 10 polyps. One had but three 

 polyps. It is probably the young state of A. grandiflorus. Colour was red. 

 Spicules are much like those of our species. I have seen similar young ones of 

 our form, associated with large ones. See pi. XIV, figs. 6, 7. 



A. grandiflorus was taken in large numbers on or between the deeper banks 

 off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, in 150 to 300 fathoms, They were pre- 

 sented to the U.S. Fish Commission by the Gloucester, Mass., fishermen, from 

 1878 to 1881. It was also taken by the "Albatross" and "Fish Hawk" in 410 to 

 1395 fathoms off our northern coasts. A similar species (A. agassizii Ver.) 

 occurs in the West Indies in deep water. It is light red and has somewhat 

 smaller polyps and different spicules. The rod-like spicules of the ccenenchyma 

 and calicles are longer, larger, and more spinulose and the short ellipsoidal and 

 double stellate forms from the exterior of the ccenenchyma are more strongly 

 warted or spiunlose. (See Plate XVII, figs. 2-2c.) 



Suborder GORGONACEA. 



Family CHRYSOGORGID^E Ver. or DASYGORGIDyE. Some authors. 



Radicipes Stearns. 



Radicipes STEARNS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. VI, p. 97, pi. vii, figs. 1, 2, July, 



1883. Type R. pleurocristatus, Japan. KINOSHITA, Journ. College Sci. 



Tokio Imp. Univ., vol. XXXIII, art. 2, pp. 1, 5, 1913. 

 Lepidoyorgia VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Science, vol. XXVIII, p. 220, 1884, Brief 



Cont. to Zoology, No. 55; Annual Report U.S. Comm. of Fish and Fisheries 



for 1883, p. 512, 1885. 

 Strophogorgia WRIGHT and STUDER, Voy. Challe'nger, vol. VI, Alcyonaria, p. 2, 



1889. In part, 



Chrysogorgidse usually growing in the form of long, simple rods, with the 

 base divided into calcareous, branched, root-like processes. Ccenenchyma thin; 

 its spicules in the form of thin oblong scales. Polyp-calicles elongated, well 

 separated, oblique, usually arranged in a secund manner; their spicules are 

 spindles. 



