Alcyonaria G 45 



Internodes of the stem are short, mostly 6 to 12 mm. long; in the branches 

 often 18 to 20 mm. Calicles large, elongated, swollen near the base, or at both 

 ends, with eight conspicuous, distal, marginal spines. 



It was obtained in considerable numbers by the fishermen, in deep water, 

 about 150 to 250 fathoms, on or near the Banks off Nova Scotia and Newfound- 

 land. It was also dredged in many places by the "Albatross" off the New 

 England coast in large numbers. Sometimes a hundred or more came up in a 

 single haul of the trawl. Its range in depth here was mostly from 219 to 1735 

 fathoms. It was most abundant in 300 to 400 fathoms. 



Suborder PENNATULACEA Verrill, 1865. 



Family PENNATULID^E Dana. 

 Pennatula aculeata (Sars) Danielssen, 1858, Red Sea-pen. 



Pennatula phosphorea, var. aculeata SARS, 1870. KOLLIKER, op. cit., 1869, p. 

 154, pi. IX, fig. 73. 



Pennatula aculeata VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. V, pp. 5, 100, 1875; vol. 

 XXXIII, pp. 310, 315, 1882; Bulletin Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. XI, p. 2, pi. 

 1, figs. 2, 2a, 1883; VERRILL, op cit. 1885, p. 532, pi. Ill, figs. 7, a, b. WHIT- 

 EAVES, List Invert., p. 55, 1901. 



Plate XVIII; Figures 1, 2. 



This elegant "sea-pen" occurs very commonly in moderately deep water 

 off the coasts of Nova Scotia and the eastern United States, in 60 to 300 fathoms, 

 and also abundantly in deep water, down to 1255 fathoms. Mr. Whiteaves 

 dredged it in 160 to 200 fathoms, between Anticosti island and Gaspe in 1871-73. 

 The Gloucester, Mass., fishermen also brought in numerous specimens from 

 the various fishing banks off Nova Scotia, taken entangled on their lines in 60 

 to 300 fathoms. Large numbers were dredged" by the steamers "Fishhawk," 

 "Albatross" and "Blake," south of Martha's Vineyard, etc., in 200 to 1,000 

 fathoms, 1880 to 1887. In one instance 494 specimens were taken by the 

 "Albatross" in one haul, in other cases over 200. 



It is very phosphorescent and is usually bright red or purplish red with a 

 yellow or pale orange stalk. Occasionally a white or albino specimen was taken, 

 more frequently a pink or rose-coloured variety (var. rosea Kor. and Dan.). 

 This was taken by the "Albatross" in 157 to 410 fathoms. 



In the deeper waters we took many specimens with the pinnae longer, 

 more slender and more loosely arranged than usual (var. laxa, new name). Two 

 of these are figured on Plate XVIII, Figures'!, 2. In other respects they agree 

 nearly with the ordinary kind. 



Supplement to the Report on the Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition. 



By A. E. VERRILL. 



After the preceding report was written another small collection of Alcyon- 

 aria and Actinaria was received. These were collected by Mr. F. Johansen on an 

 expedition to Hudson bay in 1920. 



Some of the specimens are of special zoological interest. Others belong to 

 species not hitherto recorded from that region. 



