726 NOTES 



1899-1902 (Rubiaceae). Billings': Mora, 1901 (Globularia, etc.). Longo : Annali 

 di Botanica, 2. 



127. Sachs : B.Z. 1862 (two papers). G. Haberlandt : Die Schutzeinrichtungen 

 i. d. Entwickclung d. Keimpflanze, Vienna, 1877, pp. 39 sqq. and 87 sqq. Id. Ber. 

 1890. Klebs : Unters. Tiib. 1, 1885, pp. 561 sqq. Ebeling : Flora, 1885. Brown and 

 Morris : J.C.S. 57, 1890, pp. 458 sqq. Tschirch : Ann. Buit. 9, 1891, pp. 143 sqq. 

 Griiss : P.J. 30, 1897. 



128. Leitgeb : Unters. lib. d. Lebermoose, No. 5, PI. I. figs. 2 and 3; PI. 111. 

 tigs. 9, 10, and 11 ; PI. IV. figs. 4c, 106, and 11. 



129. Kamienski : B.Z. 1881, pp. 457 sqq. (Monotropa). Frank : Ber. 1885. 

 Id. ibid. 1887. Id. ibid. 1888. Schlicht : Landw. Jahrb. 1889. Johow : P.J. 

 16, pp. 415 sqq. Janse : Ann. Buit. 14, 1896. Groom : A.B. 9, 1895 (Thismia). 

 Stahl : P.J. 24, 1900. In the last-cited paper, which contains a mass of interesting 

 observations, Stahl endeavours to prove that mycorrhizic plants obtain part or the 

 whole of the indispensable mineral substances in the form of organic compounds 

 from the symbiotic Fungus. Hence it is particularly plants with feeble transpiration 

 that enter into symbiotic association with Fungi for this purpose ; actively trans- 

 piring species can obtain a sufficient supply of mineral salts by their own exertions. 



[129a. The term mycorrhiza, as used by Haberlandt, signifies a root in which 

 the normal absorbing tissue is replaced by a symbiotic Fungus mycelium. In English 

 botanical literature, it is used in a less strictly defined sense.] 



130. Typical mycorrhiza, such as occurs among the Monotropaceae, Cupuliferae, 

 Betulaceae and Coniferae, is distinguished by Frank as " ectotrophic " mycorrhiza. 

 Somewhat different conditions prevail in the case of AInus, Myrica, Burmannia, 

 Apteria, Thismia, Voyria, Cotylanthera, Psilotum, the Ericaceae, Epacridaceae and 

 Empetraceae, and the Orchidaceae (whether green or non-chlorophyllous). Here 

 the Fungus inhabits the outermost layer often also the rest of the cortex of the 

 host-root (or -rhizome), forming a dense tangle of mycelium in each infected cell, 

 and sending forth comparatively few hyphae into the soil. This form of mycorrhiza 

 is termed " endotrophic " by Frank, who believes that the living protoplasm of 

 the infected cells ultimately digests the invading hyphae. Frank's interpretation 

 has recently received considerable support through the investigations of Magnus and 

 Shibata (see below). In the case of endotrophic mycorrhiza, absorption is probably 

 at most a subsidiary function of the fungus mycelium ; this statement is supported 

 by the fact that Orchids (even entirely colourless forms, such as Corallorhiza and 

 Epipogon) are always provided with genuine root-hairs. 



With reference to endotrophic mycorrhiza cf. Frank : Ber. 9, 1891. Nobbe u. 

 Hiltner : Landw. Versuchstat, 51, 1899 (Podocarpus). Magnus : P.J. 35, 1900 

 (Xeottia). Shibata : P.J. 37, 1902 (Psilotum and Podocarpus). 



131. G. Haberlandt ; P.J. 17. 



132. Solms-Laubach : P.J. 6, 1868, pp. 509 sqq. Id. B.Z. 1876 (Pilostyles). 

 L. Koch : Die Klee- und Flachsseide, Heidelberg, 1880. Id. Die Entwickelungs- 

 gesch. d. Orobanchen, mit bes. Berucksicht. ihr. Bezieh. z. d. Kulturpflanzen, 

 Heidelberg, 1887. Id. P.J. 20 and 22 (Rhinanthaceae). Leclerc du Sahlon : Ann. 

 Sci. Nat., ser. VII. 6, 1887. Heinricher : Cohn's Beitr. 7 (Lathraea). Sperlich : 

 Beih. Bot, Centr. 11, 1902. Id. Sitzb. Wien, 96, 1907 (Balanophora). Schaar : 

 Sitzb. Wien, 107, 18!>8 (Rafflesia). 



1 '!'!. Ch. Darwin : Insectivorous Plants, London, 1875. Batalin : Acta Hort. 



