NOTES 739 



pp. 31 sqq. Errera : Mem. Acad. Belg. 27, 1885. Clautriau : Etude chimique du 

 glycogens, L895. 



206. Moller : Die Pilzgarten einiger siid-amerikanischer Ameisen (Hot. .Milt, 

 aus d. Tropen, No. 6), Jena, 1893. 



207. Pfeffer : Physiology, 1, pp. 176 sqq. Wiesner : Sitzb. Wien, 79, 1879. 

 Wiesner and Molisch : ibid. 98, 1889. Lietzmann : Flora, 1887. 



208. Luerssen : B.Z. 1873. Id. Sitzb. Naturf. Ges. Leipzig, 1875. 



209. Cf. Kiihn : Flora, 1889, p. 487. Kuhn's plant is a species of Xephrodium, 

 closely related to X. stipellatum, Hk.; his material was collected by Goebel near 

 Tjibodas in Java. The author's specimens were collected in the gorge of the 

 Tjiapus at the foot of Salak, near Buitenzorg. [Similar pneumatophores occur in 

 various other species of Nephrodium. The translator is at present engaged upon an 

 investigation of these organs in the case of several Jamaican members of the 

 genus. ] 



210. Raciborski : Flora, 87, 1900. 



211. Stahl : B.Z. 1894. F. F. Blackman : Phil. Trans. 186 B, 1895. 



212. Areschoug : Engler's Jahrb. 2, 1882. 



213. Tschirch : Linnaea, N.F. 9, pp. 154 sqq. 



214. Goebel : Pflanzenbiologische Schilderungen, 2, 1891, p. 268 (water plants). 

 The tufted appendages of the leaves of many Podostemaceae are likewise compared 

 to gills by Goebel ; but the structures in question contain numerous chloroplasts 

 and abundance of starch, and must consequently be regarded as accessory photo- 

 synthetic organs, as Warming points out and Goebel himself admits. Even in a 

 botanical sense, a structure should not be termed a gill-organ, unless it is actually 

 respiratory in function. 



215. The term " aerenchyma " was introduced by Schenck, who restricted it to 

 those ventilating tissues of secondary origin which are homologous with cork. The 

 author agrees with Goebel (I.e. [214], p. 256), that it is preferable to define the 

 scope of this term from the ecological or anatomico- physiological, rather than from 

 the ontogenetic standpoint. 



216. Rosanoff : B.Z. 1891 (Desmanthus). Goebel : Ber. 1886 (Sonneratia). 

 Jost : B.Z. 1887. Schenck : Flora, 1889 (Avicennia and Laguncnlaria). Id. P.. I. 

 20, 1889. Karsten : Bibl. Bot. No. 22, 1891, pp. 46 sqq. Wieler : P.J. 32, 1898. 

 Wieler throws doubt upon the ventilating function of aerenchyma, on quite insufficienl 

 grounds. 



217. Cf. Giirtler : Ub. interzell. Haarbildungen, insbes. lib. d. sog. inneren Haare 



d. Nympheaceen u. Menyanthoideen (Inaug.-Diss.), Berlin, 1905. and the literature 

 there cited. 



218. Westermaier : Zur Kenntniss d. Pneumatophoren. Freiburg i. d. Schw., 

 1900. 



219. The term " pneumathode.' , signifying any external opening of 1 he vent Hating 

 system, is due to Jost (I.e. [116]). 



220. Stomata. Von Mohl : B.Z. L856. Unger : Sitzb. Wien. 25, 18.". N. J. C. 

 Miiller : L J . J. 8, 1872. Schwendener : Monatsber. Berl. Akad. 1881. G. Haber- 



