THE BUDS OF FRUIT-TREES 23 



if not quite impossible to distinguish the fruit-buds in the 

 winter without dissecting them. Also, different varieties 

 have to some extent fruit-buds which are characteristic in 

 some particular, such as color, shape, size, or the degree to 

 which they are appressed to the shoot. 



22. Terminal and lateral buds. — All buds of necessity 

 must be bonie either terminally on the end of a shoot, in 

 which case they are called "terminal" (or apical), or on the 

 sides of the shoot, when they are known as "lateral buds." 

 The latter regularly occur within the axil of a leaf and are 

 termed "axillaiy buds," although at times some lateral 

 buds are adventitious. If more than one leaf-scar is found 

 at the base of a bud, it must be considered terminal though 

 on an exceedingly short shoot, and not an axillary bud. 

 Frequently, a very close examination is necessary to dis- 

 tinguish between an axillary and a terminal bud on an 

 exceedingly short spur. On the other hand, not all buds 

 which appear to terminate a shoot or branch are terminal, 

 for, as in the case of many plums and the apricot, no true 

 terminal bud is formed but the distal bud is axillaiy. 



23. Latent buds. — A latent bud may remain dormant, or 

 fail to expand, for more than one year and then through 

 some impetus or stimulation start into growth. There are 

 a large number of latent buds on fruit-trees, and if this 

 were not true so many shoots would develop that many 

 would perish for lack of light, nutrition, and other factors. 

 Often these donnant or latent buds are overgrown or out- 

 grown by the surrounding tissues, but remain alive. Thus, 

 many apparently adventitious shoots really arise from 

 latent buds. 



24. Adventitious buds, as mentioned above, arise in ab- 

 normal or unusual places. They arise on both roots and 

 branches, especially if the parts above are removed or 

 injured. After severe pnming operations, it is a common 



