24A POMOLOGY 



^jSci^ence for adventitious buds to arise from the smooth 

 T)afe of the large limbs below or from the healing tissue about 

 wound. It is also common for such buds to form and 

 evelop branches below a ringed portion of the trunk or 

 limb. 



25. Collateral buds. — Buds may occur singly or in groups 

 of two, three, or more side by side, in which latter case they 

 are said to be collateral, as with the peach and some kinds 

 of plums. 



26. Leaf-scars are of some importance in studying buds. 

 The}^ are the former places of attachment of the leaves and 

 should be distinguished from those of the bud-scales, as the 

 latter scars are sometimes rather conspicuous early in the 

 growing season. In the larger leaf-scars of the apple, the 

 points of separation of three vascular bundles can be seen. 

 As an axillaiy fruit-bud opens, a cleavage plane or "crack" 

 usually occurs in the tissue between the vascular bundles, 

 but this should not deceive the observer into believing each 

 bundle to represent a separate leaf-scar. 



27. Fruit-spurs. — The term "fruit-spur" as commonly 

 used in pomological literature designates a short shoot 

 that produces flowers and fruit, in contradistinction to the 

 longer shoots of the tree. Probably no clear-cut distinc- 

 tion can be drawn between these spurs and the other vege- 

 tative growths of the tree, since a fruit-spur may become 

 highly vegetative and develop into a large branch. Like- 

 wise also a short growth or spur may continue growth for 

 many years without producing flowers or fruits. The 

 general term "spur," however, is of service to distinguish 

 the short growths which are common on fruit-trees and upon 

 which much of the fruit is borne. In the cases of the plum, 

 the cheriy, and the peach, when they produce spurs, the 

 fruit-buds are bonie laterally, whereas the terminal or distal 

 bud of the spur generally is a leaf-bud, and the elongation of 



