40 POMOLOGY 



from the center and form a solid cone-like or spherical struc- 

 ture, but instead, about the circumference of a circle which is 

 not quite closed, thus forming as further growth takes place, 

 a narrow hood-like scale with infolded edges. 



''Actual elevation above the surface of the torus takes 

 place slowly at first; but growth and elevation proceed very 

 rapidly across the entire remainder of the torus except at the 

 center. This central portion becomes elevated very slightly, 

 however, and its level is raised a trifle above the level of the 

 bases of the concavities of the several carpels, thus resulting 

 in the formation, at the center of the torus, of a tube or cavity 

 around which the five carpels are arranged, their inner edges 

 forming the wall of this cavity. . . . Each carpel is furnished 

 with two placentae which are the result of the infolding of 

 the edges of the caipels. In the case of so-called "open 

 cored" pomes the cavities of the carpels open directly into 

 the center cavity and the placentae then appear to be parietal 

 about the common center. The ovaiy becomes one-loculed 

 instead of five-loculed and the placentae of adjoining carpels 

 are more intimately connected than are the placentae of any 

 single carpel. 



"... Later, growth of the carpel takes place most 

 rapidly at the upper surface of the torus involving at the 

 same time a portion of the latter, thus resulting in the elonga- 

 tion of the five styles as a solid column at some distance below 

 their apexes. A careful examination of a median longitudinal 

 section through the fruit and styles will reveal the presence of 

 the tissue of the torus extending for a short distance up the 

 styles. In the mature fruit of many varieties these united 

 style bases persist and are known as a ' pistil point or style 

 point.' Still later growth, shortly before the expansion of 

 the flower, produces an elongation of that part of the styles 

 between the apex (stigma) and the united portion. . . . The 

 conductive tissue is traceable from the stigma, at which 



