44 POMOLOGY 



portion which bears the bud-scales and which is generally not 

 conspicuous but can always be made out. 



Vegetative axis. — This term designates the vegetative 

 branch produced from the fruit-bud and upon which the 

 individual flower or flowers are borne. It is especially con- 

 spicuous in such cases as the quince, raspberry, and black- 

 berry. 



Cluster base.- — A type or specific form of the vegetative 

 axis which remains short and often thickens up or becomes 

 somewhat fleshy, is termed the cluster base. On it are borne 

 leaves, flowers, and frequently vegetative buds which may 

 remain dormant, become fruit-buds, or push out into vegeta- 

 tive branches of greater or less length in the case of the 

 pomaceous fruits, whereas with some of the drupaceous types 

 it may bear only a few bracts in addition to the flowers and 

 become deciduous after the fruit has matured or fallen. In 

 the pear it may become very much enlarged and more or 

 less fleshy. 



Peduncle is the main axis of an inflorescence, and to which 

 the pedicle or stem of the fruit is attached. In the apple it is 

 very short, while in some cherries, e. g., P. virginiana, it 

 may be long. 



Pedicel is the true stem of the individual flower and be- 

 comes the stem of the fruit. 



44. Vascular anatomy.^ — The location of the vascular 

 tissues throughout the fruit is important to the pathologist 

 and entomologist as well as to the pomologist and, therefore, 

 it should be briefly reviewed in this connection. The general 

 details have been traced in the Yellow Newtown apple and 

 this variety may serve in general for others of this fruit. 



Within the cluster base is an almost complete woody 

 cylinder of vascular elements, and from this cylinder strands 



^ Details of this treatment follow closely after E. J. Kraus and G. S. 

 Ralston. Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 138. 1916. 



