48 POMOLOGY 



45. The carpellary system. — A short distance above the 

 apex of the pedicel, the carpellary system of bundles is 

 entirely distmct from that of the toral region. It consists 

 mainly of fifteen prominent bundles, three for each carpel, 

 and the smaller bundles which anastomose throughout the 

 carpellary tissue. This system is derived from two sources: 

 first, the five prominent strands already noted, each of 

 which extends from an outer primary toral bundle, along 

 the dorsal line of each carpel; and second, the numerous 

 small bundles extending out of the region of anastomosis at 

 the apex of the pedicel into the walls of each of the carpels 

 and the larger strands which extend both from the strands 

 of the inner and outer vascular cylinder more or less obliquely 

 through the pith and into the placentae of each carpel. 



46. Comparative morphology of fruits. — A mature fruit, 

 as used in pomology, usually consists of the ripened ovary 

 or ovaries together with the fleshy edible parts which are 

 intimately associated with the seed production. In the 

 case of parthenocarpic fruits, however, the fleshy portion 

 develops independently. Botanically, the term is used in a 

 broader sense and is described as an ovary and its contents 

 together with any closely adhering part. The structures 

 which enter into the make-up of the several fruits are 

 distmctly different in specific cases and some of those 

 commonly met with in pomology will be mentioned. 



A pome, of which the apple, pear, and quince are examples, 

 is composed of more than one ovary located within the core 

 region, and the enveloping receptacle which is the edible 

 portion of these fruits. Other parts are also attached or 

 associated with the ones mentioned, as the pedicel, the 

 modified pith which is within the core-lines and attached to 

 the ovary walls, the calyx which usually persists; and the 

 dried stamens and styles. 



A drupe consists of a single carpel, one-celled and one- 



