92 



POMOLOGY 



out the whole tree and remains in the cells of the storage 

 tissues; it is termed "reserve material" because it can be 

 used later in growth. 



Secondly, the amount and form in which the reserves 

 occur in the parts of the tree vary at different times of the 

 year, and one year with another. The following table 

 illustrates this point by showing the amounts of dry matter, 

 starch, and saccharose at time buds are swelling, in case- of 

 a seven-year-old Bismark apple tree that has been growing 

 in sod for four years. 



Table XV 



amounts op dry matter, starch, and saccharose in seven-year- 

 old apple tree at time buds are swelling 

 (after chandler) 



Part of tree 



1-year twigs. . 

 Older branches 



Trunk 



Large roots . . . 

 Small roots . . . . 



Furthermore, it is significant in this connection to note 

 that the reserves seem to be lower in the tree in spring and 

 early summer when growth is very active than at other 

 seasons, indicating that they are utilized in growth. It 

 should also be recalled that growth activities are going on 

 within the tree before leaves or blossoms are put forth. 

 The following data would seem to establish this conception 

 so far as the soluble materials are concerned. According 

 to Chandler, the freezing point of the sap seems to be a fair 

 measure of the amount of soluble carbon compounds present 

 at different seasons: 



