224 POMOLOGY 



lination. To what extent the floral parts, particularly the 

 stigniatic fluid, of fruits in general are affected by the dry- 

 ing action of wind cannot be stated definitely, but in the 

 plum Dorsey noted that dehiscence was quickened as a re- 

 sult of wind action and petals dropped earlier, but a drying 

 of the stigmatic fluid was more critical late in the receptive 

 period than in the earlier stage. 



The effect of wind on the maturing crop of fruit is a con- 

 stant source of economic loss, as more or less fruit is blown 

 from the trees every year and some seasons it assumes se- 

 rious proportions. Windbreaks and close planting of trees on 

 the windward side are often used to reduce the damage. 



Winds, in some sections, cause young trees to grow one- 

 sided and to lean to the leeward, but it would be difl^cult to 

 estimate the actual damage which results. 



One of the most serious effects of wind in fruit-growing 

 is that encountered during the spraying (or dusting) sea- 

 son. Not infrequently that work must be delayed on ac- 

 count of high winds until the fruit crop is jeopardized. 



194. Sunshine.- — Just as rain is the most unfavorable 

 element in preventing the pollination and setting of fruit 

 blossoms, so conversely is sunshine most favorable to its 

 setting, especially when accompanied by a relatively low 

 percentage of humidity. This condition affords the best 

 opportunity for the agencies of pollination and also the 

 growth of the pollen-tube. When the period of blossoming 

 is bright, the flowers are usually in bloom for a shorter period, 

 as would be expected. The absence of sunshine does not 

 mean, however, that pollination may not take place freely. 

 Sunlight is of first importance, of course, for the growth of 

 plants in general and in the development and coloring of the 

 fruit. 



195. Hail usually occurs during the summer and may 

 cause serious loss in the orchard as well as to farm crops. 



