320 POMOLOGY 



claims. There are a few cases, however, which indicate the 

 origin of new varieties in this way, although for the most 

 part they represent an increase or change in color, as varia- 

 tion of other characteristics is not common. 



Among apples, the Banks is recorded as a bud-sport of the 

 Gravenstein, differing from the latter in being more highly 

 colored, less ribbed, more regular in shape, and a little 

 smaller in size. Other sports of the Gravenstein have been 

 reported in Europe and in this country. Two bud-sports are 

 credited to the Twenty Ounce apple — Collamer and Hitch- 

 ings. The former bears fruits less mottled and striped, more 

 highly colored and more regular in shape. The twigs of 

 Collamer trees are more deeply tinged with red than are 

 those of Twenty Ounce. Hitchings also produces more 

 highly colored fruit than its parent. The same sort of muta- 

 tion has been recorded in several places for Rome Beauty, 

 the fruit of the new forms being a solid dark red, smaller, 

 and quite regular in size. 



Red Russet is another bud-sport which originated in New 

 Hampshire as a variation of Baldwin. This is the only au- 

 thentic variation of the Baldwin which has been propagated, 

 although it varies widely in different localities. 



Dorsey ^ describes an "improved Duchess" apple which 

 seems to be a bud mutation, although conclusive evidence 

 cannot be produced. The new form is identical with the old 

 in all characters except color, which is much brighter and 

 redder. Trees propagated from the red type retain the 

 character, and this seems to add another to the list of fruits 

 originating as bud mutations. 



Another interesting case of a bud-sport or mutation de- 

 scribed by Shamel ^ is an improved French prune. This 



iDorsey, M. J. Jour. Heredity, Dec, 1917. p. 565. 

 2 Shamel, A. D. Origin of a new and improved French prune 

 variety. Jour. Heredity, Nov., 1919. pp. 339-343. 



