336 



POMOLOGY 



Table XCII 



FLOWER TYPES AND RATIOS OBTAINED IN CROSSES IN Vitis TOtundifoUa 



The great contrast in the number of hermaphrodite vines 

 bearing flowers with upright stamens when Hope is taken 

 as a pollen parent and when male vines are so used is out- 

 standing. Hope was found in the wild in 1910 and differs 

 from the typical male vine in that it has a partially developed 

 pistil. Its genetic constitution is shown by its behavior in 

 crosses in which it is seen to be decidedly different from 

 others of its kind. 



In the instances cited here, there is an excellent illustra- 

 tion of the solution of the commercial problem of sterility 

 in the grape by breeding. Contributions like these to the 

 knowledge of horticultural plants will have a far reaching 

 influence on practice. 



298. Rogers' hybrids. — The work of Rogers in hybridiz- 

 ing the native American grape with the European is epochal 

 in the histoiy as well as in the commercial status of the 

 grape. Rogers conducted his breeding work at Salem, Massa- 

 chusetts, during the early 1850's. As a result of hybridizing 

 large-fruited Labrusca grapes with the Black Hamburg and 

 White Chasselas, both vinifera varieties, he secured about 

 150 seedling plants but only raised 45 to maturity. They 

 were tested by himself and others, being known by numbers, 

 from 1 to 45, but several were later named for persons of 

 note in science or for other attainments, as well as for counties 



