352 



POMOLOGY 



tact. It is not necessary but desirable that the cion and 

 stock be of the same diameter. After the two portions are 

 inserted, they are bomid tightly together with waxed string 

 or raffia and the wounded areas covered with waxed tape to 

 prevent the entrance of disease until the wounds are calloused. 

 These grafts are then stored in sand or sawdust until early 

 spring when they are planted in loose fer- 

 tile soil. Such plants are allowed to remain 

 in the nurseiy row for one or two years, 

 when they are dug and are ready to put on 

 the market. 



The apple and pear are often root- 

 grafted, although "budded" trees of all 

 kinds are becoming more popular. (Fig. 38.) 

 318. Budding is practiced entirely with 

 the "stone or drupe" fruits in the East, and 

 a large part of the pome-fruits are also 

 propagated in this way at present. The 

 fact that the budded tree has the advan- 

 tage of the entire root system of the seed- 

 ling, and that the likelihood of crown-gall 

 is reduced by this method, has made it 

 Fig. 38. — The popular with the trade, 

 tongue- or whip- The essential . difference between grafting 

 graft of apple. ^^^ budding, in producing nursery trees, is 

 craft ) "'^ " " merely that one bud instead of several is 



introduced into the stock. The work is 

 usually done in the latter part of summer while the bark is 

 still loose and will "work readily." A "bud-stick" is cut from 

 the variety desired and a shield-shaped portion of the bark 

 is cut away from the shoot, including a bud in the center. 

 The leaves are removed as soon as the " stick" is cut, leaving 

 a small portion of the petiole to be used as a "handle" in 

 placing the bud into the bark of the stock. A T-shaped 



