48 ESTABLISHING THE ORCHARD 



along one side of the field to be set. This will usually be either 

 along the highway or a line fence (Fig. 12), Next set a stake on 

 this line in one corner of the field where the corner tree is to 

 stand. It ought to be far enough from the highway and the line 

 fence to allow plenty of room for turning. Twenty or twenty- 

 five feet is none too much. Next set a range stake at the other 

 side of the field and the same dip'^'^nce from the highway. These 

 two stakes establish the base line. Now begin at stake No. 1 and 

 set stakes along the base line and towards stake No. 2 the proper 



^ I— 1 I <3 h— I \A/y^^^>^ ] 



Fig. 12. — Diagram showing method of laying off a field for planting an orchard. 



distance apart for the trees, say twenty feet if fillers are to be 

 used. Having run the line across the field, begin about the centre 

 of this line of stakes and lay off another line of stakes at right 

 angles to the first. In establishing this second line use the 

 carpenter's method for laying off a right angle, taking 6, 8 and 

 10 feet for the three sides of the right triangle. This is all the 

 sighting that is required by the method under discussion. The 

 rest of the stakes are set with two " measuring boards " which 

 are made as long as the desired distance between the trees. Inch 

 boards three inches wide will be found satisfactory for the pur- 



