THE SPRAYING PROGRAM 209 



of water — or using lime-sulfur at the winter strength, say 1 to 

 9 or 10. This spraying is principally for the San Jose scale and 

 may be omitted altogether where the owner is lucky enough not 

 to have that pest. 



Second spraying in the spring before the buds swell, using 

 lime-sulfur at winter strength. This is for the scale, principally, 

 but is also of value for certain fungous troubles. It is generally 

 advisable to apply this spraying, though there may be exceptions. 

 In seasons and localities where the aphis is troublesome it is 

 well to defer this spring spraying until the eggs of this pest have 

 hatched, so that the young aphids may be killed. At this time 

 the buds will be well broken open and may even show the tips 

 of the individual leaves, but experience has shoMai that no 

 damage will be done. 



Third spraying, within a week after the petals fall from the 

 blos.soms, using arsenate of lead paste, 3 pounds to 50 gallons of 

 water, or the powdered form, one and one-half pounds, with about 

 a gallon of commercial lime-sulfur added for fungous diseases 

 This is primarily for the codling moth, but it is also very helpful 

 with the curculio and is the most important single spraying in the 

 calendar. It ought to be stated here that some people have had 

 trouble at times with the combination suggested above and some 

 authorities have even gone so far as to recommend not using the 

 eoml)ination but applying each one separately. This, however, is 

 too much trouble and if this combination will not work we must 

 get one that will. The writer has never had any trouble with the 

 combination, though he has used it for a number of years. 



Fourth spraying, three or four weeks after the tliird, same 

 materials used. This is especially important for the codling moth, 

 but is also useful in checking fungous troubles like the scab, the 

 sooty blotch and other diseases. 



These four sprayings will usually go far towards protecting 

 the orchard from attacks, and, as suggested, the first may some- 

 times be omitted, though if the orchardist lives in a San Jose 

 scale district he should always do more or less autumn spraying 

 in case the spring work rushes more than anticipated. On the 



