78 



lions, with taps and connections at in- 

 tervals for the connection hose pipes with 

 4 to 6 spvaying jets. 



Horse- and Pony-Power Machines.— 

 These comprise a barrel or tank mounted 

 on a 2 or 3 wheeled carriage, and used 

 largely in spraying fields of potatoes or 

 against Charlock. The pump is worked by 

 a crank on the axle of the vehicle, and 

 fairly good pressure and agitation are 

 obtained, but a great fault lies in the dis- 

 tribution of the spray, which is so often 

 directed down on top of the plants, this 

 in the case of potato disease (Phytop- 

 thora), is useless, as the under surface 

 of the leaves must be sprayed, for that 

 is where the fungus finds an entrance. 



An arrangement may be carried, how- 

 ever, for laying the haulm down before it 

 is sprayed. 



Barrel, Tank or Cistern Sprayers.— 

 These are popular machines for fruit farms 

 and large gardens ; they are quite efficient 

 for spraying up to 20-30 acres, above which 

 acreage power machines should be used. 



The container holds 10-50 gallons ; a 

 useful size is 40 gallons capacity. 



The cistern is best made of wood, as this 

 will allow any wash to be used. 



Caustic washes attack paint; copper 

 sprays cannot be used in iron cisterns ; 

 lime-sulphur cannot be used in copper. 



The one thing to be remembered m 

 having a wood container is that it must 

 be kept at least half-full of water when 

 not in use, otherwise serious leakage is 

 certain. 



The wheels should be of a wide circum- 

 ference, insuring easier traction, and the 

 rims wide to prevent sinking into sandy 

 or porous ground. 



Agitators should always be insisted 

 upon, and are usually attached to the 

 pump piston, which gives constant agita- 

 tion. One often hears that pulling the 

 machine over rough ground agitates the 

 liquid sufficiently, but this is quite incor- 

 rect. One man can only keep up sufficient 

 pressure for one hose pipe ; it is, therefore, 

 better to have only one delivery hose than 

 two. In using such a machine for potato 

 spraying, one must see that the tank is 

 not too near the ground, otherwise 

 difiiculty will be found in getting up the 



Pneumatic Sprayers.— These have come 

 to the fore during the last few years, and 

 are an excellent type of machines for 

 average-sized gardens. They are made in 

 hand and kna])sack sizes, with capacities 

 varying from 3 pints to 4 gallons ; and can 

 be obtained in an alloy resistant to all 

 washes. 



For several hours' or days' spraying 

 they are much to be preferred to hand- 

 worked knapsack sprayers, as pressure is 

 not lost through the operator becoming 

 tired. 



One great disadvantage is that most of 

 the machines have no agitator attached, 

 and in others the agitators are of little 

 use. The hand machines can, of course, 

 be easily shaken, but one soon gets tired 

 of shaking a 3 gallon machine on one's 

 back ! The principle is to pump the 

 machine up to 90-120lbs. pressure per 

 square inch (as indicated by a gauge), 

 which will empty itself with but little re- 

 duction in pressure, and both hands are 

 free to use a 6-lOft. lance for spraying tall 

 trees. 



The smaller machines are very useful for 

 small greenhouses and gardens. 



Hand-worked Knapsack Sprayers.— 

 These are often known as the Vermorel 

 type of sprayer — a good, all-round machine 

 for most gardens. 



The disadvantage is that continuous 

 pumping is necessary, otherwise there is 

 no spray, and only one hand being free 

 means that if a long lance is used con- 

 siderable waste of spray may result. A 

 capacity of 2^-3 gallons is the usual size, 

 and one must have an iron container if 

 Lime Sulphur is to be used, but these 

 machines are also made in a similar alloy 

 to the pneumatic sprayers and can be vised 

 for any wash. 



See that an agitator is fixed either in 

 conjunction with the pump-handle or by 

 a stream of water being directed to the 

 bottom of the container. 



Bucket Pumps.— Bucket pumps are suit- 

 able only for small gardens and green- 

 houses, as such a machine holds from 2-5 

 gallons of wash, making it useless to spray 

 large plantations because of its small 

 capacity, the absence of efficient agita- 

 tion, the necessity for continually lift- 

 ing the machine to move it from place 



