its being buried for a considerable por- 

 tion of its length. At every 80 yards is a 

 three-way valve, with connection for the 

 branch piping. At each valve is a " run- 

 ning joint " so that the valve may be 

 removed for repairs or storing in winter 

 without moving the main pipe itself, which 

 is never disturbed. The lowest point of 

 the pipe has a tap for draining off after 

 use — a necessarj^ precaution against frost. 

 PoRT.ABLE Steel Piping lin. in diameter, 

 in 16-foot lengths, is used for the 

 branches. Normally, the simplest and 

 least costly lay-out would be to connect 

 the rubber hose which supplies the nozzles 

 directly to the main pipe, but the farm in 

 question being irregular in plan, long 

 lengths of main pipe would have to be laid 



nozzles will cover a piece of ground 80 

 yards by 40 yards at each setting, or two 

 acres per setting for the six nozzles. 



The l.'^bour required to manipulate the 

 plant is as follows: — 



Running engine and mixing, two men; 

 carrying and laying portable steel pipes, 

 two men; carrying and hauling rubber 

 hose, three men; at the nozzles, six men: 

 total, thirteen men. 



The Estimate of Cost per Acre is based 

 on an expenditure of 4,000 gallons of lead- 

 arsenate-nicotine wash per day of nine 

 hours to spray 10 acres of half-standard 

 apples, large trees 15 years old, 150 per 

 acre, with an interplant of bush apples. 

 The cost per acre obtained below must, 

 therefore, be regarded as a maximum. 



A "Drake and Fletcher" Power Spraying Engine. Mark A.P.S. Completely 

 Self-contained Engine, Pumps, Tank and Agitator. 



down to serve only a few acres of planta- 

 tion. Portable pipes were therefore 

 adopted, 60 lengths being required to 

 reach the farthest points from the main 

 pipe. Each length has a short connecting 

 piece of armoured rubber tube for flexi- 

 bility, and when laying the pipe-line a 

 3-way tap and connection for the rubber 

 hose is inserted every eighth joint (about 

 40 yards). 



The Rubber Hose consists of three sets, 

 T-shaped when laid out on the ground. 

 The " leg " of each T is fin. diameter 

 pipe, 4-ply thick, 40 yards long. The 

 " arms " are two I'm. diameter ])ipes, 

 each 20 yards long, and each carrying a 

 nozzle. It will be seen that each pair of 



It will be observed that the cost of the 

 wash itself is by far the largest item. 

 Where unnecessary to use nicotine the 

 cost per acre works out at about £2 7s. 



Chemicals. — 6lbs. of lead-arsenate at 

 Is. 2d. per lb., 7s.; 6ozs. of nicotine at 

 Is. lOd. per oz., lis. ; total per 100 gallons. 

 18s. : 4,000 gallons per day at 18s. per 100 

 gallons, £36. 



Labour. — Thirteen men at 9s. Id. (this 

 includes 6d. per day extra during spray- 

 ing), £5 18s. per day. 



Machinery and Pipes. — Depreciation, 

 10 per cent, on £500, £50; cartage of 

 engine and pipes, (fcc, £2; total, £52. £52 

 spread over 16 working days, £3 5s. per 

 day. 



