146 



Cleveland Bigarreau. — Raised by Pro- 

 fessor J. P. Kirkland, a seedling from 

 Yellow Spanish. Raised in the U.S.A. 



Bigarreau de Mezel, or Great Bigar- 

 reau.— Found at Mezel, Puy-de-D6me, 

 France, by M. Ligier, previous to 1846. 

 110 fruits of this variety are said to have 

 weighed over 2lbs. 



Emperor Francis Bigarreau.— Of Con- 

 tinental origin, said to do well in Scot- 

 land. 



Florence. — Similar, but smaller, than 

 Yellow Spanish, brought from Florence 

 by a member of the Archer-Houblon 

 family, about 1800. Planted at Halling- 

 bury Place, in Essex. Flowers late. Self- 

 sterile. 



Windsor. — A good late Bigarreau, 

 hardy, thrives in many soils. Originated 

 on the farm of James Dougall, Windsor, 

 Ontario, Canada, introduced in 1881. 



Late — Black. 



Waterloo. — Raised by Thomas Andrew 

 Knight from Bigarreau (Yellow Spanish, 

 of U.S.A.), pollinated with May Duke; 

 fruited in 1815, a few weeks after the 

 Battle of Waterloo. Flowers mid-season. 

 Self-sterile. (Amber Bigarreau pollinates 

 Waterloo satisfactorily, also Knight's 

 Early Black.) 



Black Tartarian. — Origin Russia and 

 Western Asia, introduced into England 

 from Russia, by Hugh Ronalds, of Brent- 

 ford, in 1794, is said to have gone to 

 Russia from Spain. Self-sterile. This 

 variety is a favourite in America, where 

 it grows to a large tree, lives long, and is 

 the parent of many cross-bred cherries. 

 Called also Circassian. 



The Noble. — Introduced by Messrs. Ray 

 and Son, of Teynham, Kent, in 1900. 



Turkey Heart. — An old, but good, 

 orchard variety. Long grown in East 

 Kent for market, flowers early, fruits well 

 with Early Rivers. 



Late — Red. 



Late Duke. — Called in France Anglaise 

 Tardive, introduced into England by M. 

 Vilmorin in 1823. Somewhat self-fertile. 

 Morello appears to be a good polleniser 

 for this variety. 



Flemish. — Cooking, fruit when ripe 

 when seen with sun behind tree is very 

 beautiful. Flowers late. Self-fertile. 



Kentish, or Pie Cherry. — Larger than 

 Flemish, the stones can be pulled out with 

 the strig. This variety was probably 

 brought to England by Richard Harrys, 

 fruiterer to King Henry VIIL Flowers 

 late. Self-sterile. 



MoRELLO. — A very old variety appar- 

 ently mentioned by Parkinson, in 1629, 

 " bearing plentifully although planted 

 against a North wall." Perfectly self- 

 fertile. Latest cherry to flower. 



The above varieties placed in approxi- 

 mate order of ripening were recommended 

 by the late Mr. George Bunyard for 

 orchard planting, given in that most ex- 

 cellent book, " The Fruit Garden," by 

 George Bunyard, V.M.H., and Owen 

 Thomas, V.M.H. 



Notes and Other Varieties. 



The Duke cherries are considered by 

 U. P. Hendrick to be hybrids between the 

 sweet cherry (Prunus cerasus) and the 

 sour cherry (Prunus avium). The Duke 

 cherries are not much grown for market 

 purposes in England. The Kentish and 

 Flemish Red cherries are of the Mont- 

 morency type of cherry, and are very old 

 cooking sorts. 



The term Guigne, Gean and Geen, are 

 derived from Guienne, a province in the 

 South-east of ' France, whence these 

 cherries were first obtained. 



The term Gasteins, Gascoignes applied 

 to cherry trees, obtained from Gascony, 

 a province south of Guienne, they are said 

 to have been first brought to England from 

 France by Joan of Kent, when her hus- 

 band, the Black Prince, was commanding 

 in Guienne and Gascony. 



Couronne, or Corone. — A variety grown 

 in Hertfordshire and Norfolk, reproduces 

 itself from seed, the trees attain a large 

 size ; it was grown previous to 1725, known 

 as Kerroon, it is a small cherry, prolific, 

 and travels well. The variety flowers 

 very early, and appears to be a good pol- 

 leniser for Early Rivers. 



Approximate Order of Blossoming of 

 Cherries. 

 Early. — Adam's Crown; Old Black 

 Heart; Caroon; Early Rivers; Elton; 

 Turk; Knight's Early Black; Victoria 

 Black. 



