DETAILS OF A GOOD METHOD 47 



advantage that it best utilizes the space in the orchard. It has 

 the practical disadvantage that it is more difficult to lay out. 



Of course there are all sorts of minor variations. We may 

 have the trees in rectangles instead of squares ; and we may have 

 the triangular method carried further by putting in fillers be- 

 tween the permanent trees in both directions. This last is an 

 excellent method and the tree in the centre of the square is some- 

 times made a somewhat longer-lived tree than the other fillers 

 and is then called a semi-permanent. The following diagram 

 illustrates the method. P represents the permanents, S the 

 semi-permanents, and F the fillers. 



For example in using the plan we might set Baldwin for per- 

 manents, Mcintosh for semi-permanents and Wealthy for fillers. 



Laying off the Land. — The operation of laying off the land 

 preparatory to setting the trees is another in which we find the 

 greatest variation among orchard men. Some are very particular 

 to get their rows straight and each tree in its proper place, while 

 others are satisfied with any method that will get the trees into 

 the ground, using a plow to lay off the rows and doing no sighting 

 whatever. It is always surprising to see how many men are 

 satisfied with the latter type of orchard setting. They will put 

 more care into laying out a dog-kennel or a chicken coop that 

 would last possibly ten years, than into laying off an orchard 

 that will outlast their children and their children's children. The 

 writer believes emphatically in using sufficient care to get the 

 rows straight. It does not take a great amount of care either. 



Details of a Good Method. — Various methods may be used, 

 but the following is one which has been used with the greatest 

 satisfaction. It is reasonably cheap, expeditious, and very- 

 accurate. The details are as follows: First, select a base line 



