QUESTIONS 99 



A combination implement kno^^^l as a grape-hoe is shown in 

 Figure 43. It can be used either in the capacity of a plow or a 

 cultivator, by changing the attachment, and is designed to save 

 hand labor by working close to the trees. With the right man to 

 run it, it will certainly do what it was designed to do. There 

 is a disc for steering it, and a good husky man who has had a 

 little practice in running it will come as near cleaning out all the 

 weeds from about the trees as it is possible to do with anything 

 short of a hand hoe. No orchard of any size can afford to be 

 without one. 



Then there is the common V-sliaped cultivator. This is not 

 strictly necessary to care for the orchard, but as soon as any of 

 the companion crops are planted it becomes the main dependence. 

 It is usually best to have two of them with teeth of different sizes. 

 The large are needed for heavy work when one is unfortunate 

 enough to get behindhand, and the small for land in better shape. 

 In fact some orchardists have three of them in the equipment, 

 ranging from the small, spike-toothed variety up to one with 

 five good-sized shovels. 



Tractors. The tractor, with suitable plows and harrows, has 

 become a very important implement in orchard work. On land 

 which is suited to its use it is largely taking the place of horse 

 labor owing to the greater rapidity and reduced cost with which 

 it can be operated. (See Fig. 81). 



QUESTIONS 



1. What advantages have large orchards over small ones in the matter 



of implements? 



2. Why should the plow have an abrupt mold-board? 



3. What may be said for and against the ordinary walking plow for 



orchard work? 



4. What advantage has the hillside plow? 



5. Describe a double-sulky plow and tell when you would prefer it. 



6. Give the advantages of the orchard gang plow. 



7. What is a " California orchard plow "? Give several points in its favor. 



8. Compare the various types of harrows for use in orchards. 



9. What types of cultivators are suitable for use in orchards? 

 10. What orchard implements are most common in your section? 



