THE SPRAYING PROGRAM 209 



of water — or using lime-sulfur at the winter strength, say 1 to 

 9 or 10. This spraying is principally for the San Jose scale and 

 may be omitted altogether where the owner is lucky enough not 

 to have that pest. 



Second spraying in the spring just as the buds are breaking, 

 using lime-sulfur at winter strength with nicotine sulfate %-pint 

 to 50 gallons of water. This is for the scale, principally, but it also 

 of value for certain fungous troubles and for aphis which is just 

 hatching. It is generally advisable to apply this spraying, though 

 there may be exceptions. At this time the buds will be well broken 

 open and may even show the tips of the individual leaves, but 

 experience has shoAvn that no damage will be done. 



Third spraying just before the blossoms open using lime-sulfur 

 1 gallon nicotine sulfate, i/o-pint arsenate of lead paste, 3 pounds 

 l)owder, 1^ ^ pounds water, 50 gallons. This spraying is esiJccially 

 important for scab, but also helps to control bud moth, tent cater- 

 ])illar, curculio, aphis and red bug. 



Fourth spraying, within a week after the pedals fall from the 

 blossoms, using arsenate of lead paste, 3 pounds to 50 gallons of 

 water, or the powdered form, one and one-half pounds, with about 

 a gallon of commercial lime-sulfur added for fungous diseases. 

 This is primarily for the codling moth, but it is also very helpful 

 with the curculio and is the most important single spraying in the 

 calendar. It ought to be stated here that some people have had 

 trouble at times with the combination suggested above and some 

 authorities have even gone so far as to recommend not using the 

 combination but applying each one separately. This, however, is 

 too much trouble and if this combination will not work we must 

 get one that will. The writer has never had any trouble with the 

 combination, though he has used it for a number of years. 



These four sprayings will usually go far towards protecting 

 the orchard from attacks, and, as suggested, the first may some- 

 times be omitted, though if the orchardist lives in a San Jose 

 scale district he should always do more or less autumn spraying 

 in case the spring work rushes more than anticipated. On the 

 other hand, in some sections it frequently becomes necessary to 

 spray several times in addition to those outlined. Where there 



