CAPITAL REQUIRED IN FARMING. 333 



sections, a larger farm will afford a better profit. Tlic expenses 

 of a family on a small farm are nearly as mncli as on a large 

 one, with the exception of increased labor. Horses, carriages, 

 and the implements of husbandry are nearly the same in the 

 one case as the other. If it requires the income of six or eight 

 cows to meet the necessary family expenses, the ninth and tenth 

 cow, and so on to a much greater number will be largely profit ; so 

 that in whatever branch we engage, see that the income exceeds 

 the expenditures. If this is not done we may well cry out 

 " farming don't pay." 



Should the manufacturer do but a small amount of business, 

 could he say that manufacturing paid ? He builds large mills 

 and finds the same wheel will turn a large as well as a small 

 number of spindles, so that cloth comes out in large instead of 

 small quantities, and if the profit is but small per yard a large 

 income will be realized. To do this, capital must be invested or 

 there will be no profit above expenses. Just so in farming. 

 Enough ca[)ital must be invested so that the foundation will be 

 broad enough to build upon, and then the necessary labor must 

 be performed in the most economical manner. To do this 

 requires still another investment. The best tools must be 

 brought into requisition, and all the machinery that can be 

 worked to advantage. The mowing machine, tedder and rake, 

 now so much in use (and their use is spreading farther and 

 wider every year), render that part of farming which was for- 

 merly the most laborious and expensive, comparatively easy 

 and less expensive, so that grass can be cut and cured so much 

 more rapidly as to render its nutritive qualities far greater. 

 When all the labor was performed by hand, I have known hay- 

 ing to linger till nearly September, when the hay was hardly 

 worth the expense of getting. 



But some one says. My farm has too many rocks and is too 

 uneven for machinery. Only on a small proportion could it 

 be used successfully. When the Boston and Albany Railroad 

 was in contemplation there was but a small proportion of the 

 route that was perfectly level. The hills had to be brought low, 

 the valleys raised and the rough places made smooth. And did 

 it not pay to do all that ? Nothing could have been done suc- 

 cessfully without it. Grant that your farm may have rocks and 

 rough places. You will by the use of machinery make a better 



