SECRETARY'S REPORT. 219 



granary and stairway, on first floor, for tool-shop. The cattle 

 should stand on plank laid upon the main floor and running 

 back from the manger four to six feet, according to the length 

 of the animals. The plank should extend up to the manger, 

 but not under, that when worn or decayed they may be easily 

 removed. Stanchions are the most convenient way of fastening 

 cattle, and sufficiently comfortable. Behind the cattle there 

 should be a gutter and movable plank for removing the 



. manure. Horses should also stand upon plank laid upon the 

 main floor ; six feet from the manger back is a suitable length. 



' The floors should pitch back about one inch in six feet, and 

 the same with cattle. Feeding mangers for horses should be 

 raised at the bottom only about six inches. A manger two feet 

 wide and deep, and three feet long, is just the thing. Horses 

 never get strained in the withers or contract the heaves by 

 feeding from low mangers. High mangers give the dust a 

 chance to enter the horse's nostrils, endangering the heaves*; 

 besides it is not the way nature designed horses to feed, and 

 high feeding mangers are always attended with danger to the 

 wind, forward limbs and back of the horse. A perpendicular 

 plank, running up at each side from the front of the manger, 

 will prevent horses from throwing out their feed. 



Large barn doors should be hung with pulleys from the top, 

 running on the outside of the barn. It is not so much matter 

 with smaller doors, as they are not so easily affected by the 

 wind. The arrangements of cross-beams about the hay-bays 

 should be constructed with reference to the use of the horse- 



, pitchfork, as it is a great labor-saving implement, and can be 

 used by boys at a time when men's help can scarcely be 

 obtained. The twenty foot bay, twenty-two feet deep, may be 

 filled by laying three ropes across the hay rigging before it is 

 loaded, and by attaching one end of the ropes, when the load is 

 to be unloaded, to the floor-girth ; and with a set of pulleys 

 suspended from the rafter and attached to the other end of the 

 ropes and the use of a horse, the whole load may be removed at 

 once. 



So many authors have written upon country residences, and 

 cottage and farm-houses, and have furnished plans, that it would 

 seem that very little could be added by those who have not 

 made the subject their professional study. But upon barn 



