VINEYARDS. ' 83 



nearly to the ground. None of tlicra received any protection 

 during tlie winter but remained attached to the trellis the same 

 as during growth. In the summer of 18G3 a shoot was taken 

 from each of the two upper buds, and trained horizontally along 

 the first or third wirp as the case might be, in opposite direc- 

 tions, each vine forming a T- No other growth was allowed, 

 and the- laterals on these horizoiital shoots or arms were pinched 

 back as they had previously been on the upright shoots the year 

 before. These arms were allowed to bear one or two clusters 

 of fruit each, according to their strength.- 



In the autumn of 1863 the arms were cut back, varying with 

 their condition, but where they had grown vigorously, from two 

 to four feet were left. Everything else was removed so that the 

 vines showed nothing but a stick in the form of the letter J. 

 No winter protection was used. The training during the past 

 summer, 18G4, has been as follows : From each of the horizontal 

 arms, upright shoots have been allowed to grow as often as every 

 nine inches on the average, the intention being to have eight 

 upright shoots or 'spurs upon each arm, when the latter shall 

 have reached its full length of six feet. The shoots from the 

 buds on the end of the arms, were trained horizontally for the 

 purpose of extending them. As soon as the clusters of fruit- 

 buds on the upright spurs were sufficiently developed to show 

 their character, the end of the shoot was pinched off so as to 

 leave but one leaf beyond the last good cluster, all small or 

 imperfect ones being removed. If the spur showed no fruit, it 

 was allowed to grow all the same, and was pinched at about the 

 same length, or a little shorter. When these spurs had grown 

 sufficiently, they were tied to the second or fourth wires, as they 

 belonged to the lower or upper set of vines. The horizontal 

 shoots from the end of the arms were allowed to grow imtil 

 they had met the adjoining ones, and two or three joints beyond, 

 at which point they were pinched off. It would be more correct 

 to say that they were pinched off at seven feet from the upright 

 stem of the vine. All laterals, wherever found, were succes- 

 sively pinched off as often as they made a new growth, so as to 

 leave but one additional leaf only each time. 



The vines have been pruned this autumn as follows : The 

 horizontal shoot which is now the continuation of the arm, was 

 cut off at five feet and about eight inches from the central stem. 



