BREAD. 155 



Hybrids, Framingham Seedling, "Winchester. The Clinton is 

 said to make good red wine, (claret,) but its growth is so 

 rampant that it cannot be managed with profit in a vineyard. 



Diseases. — Mildew and rot are apt to attack vines when hot 

 weather succeeds that which is cold and moist. Sudden and 

 extreme changes of temperature seem to be the exciting cause. 

 "Wet and clay soils are more subject to these diseases than such 

 as are dry, sandy, and well drained. Mildew is a fungoid 

 growth, which appears, first, on the under surface of the leaf, 

 and rapidly creeps over it. It also attacks the berries, which 

 then fail to ripen. The best remedy is sulphur, sprinkled on 

 the leaves and earth among the vines. The rot attacks the 

 berries in July ; they turn black or red in spots, and fall off. 

 No remedy has been discovered for it. 



Final Advice. — Plant the Concord to sell as a market fruit. 

 If you wish to raise only one variety, take that ; for it will 

 flourish in poorer soil than any other. If you desire several 

 varieties, plant Creveling and Hartford Prolific in small pro- 

 portion ; though their ability to endure our hard winters has 

 not been so well proved as that of the Concord and Delaware. 

 If you wish to make wine, take a rich soil on the south or south- 

 west side of a hill, and plant the Delaware. Excellent wine has 

 also been made from the Concord. Late in the fall, cut the 

 vines clear of the stakes and let them lie upon the ground, or 

 cover them with earth. The increased certainty of a crop will 

 pay for the expense. 



BREAD. 



ESSEX. 



From the Report of the Committee. 

 From the specimens before us, we infer that there is a 

 laudable ambition among the ladies of our county to excel in 

 making bread; and this certainly is zeal in the right direction, 

 for we consider poor bread one of the most unhealthy articles 

 that can be put into the human stomach. We have seen bread 

 on the table, hard, heavy, dark, waxy, and tough, colored green 



