96 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



the products coming from them. These larger globules will 

 churn much more readily than the smaller globules. Those 

 globules of a certain size appear to break at a certain time. 

 By taking a specimen of Jersey milk and churning it in a long 

 bottle, by agitating it simply, and timing the result, and then 

 comparing the time with the size of the globule, I find there 

 is a regular gradation and correspondence between the time 

 it is necessary to keep the cream in the churn, and the size of 

 the globule, when the churning is carried on under similar 

 conditions. 



These experiments of mine are only comparative, and they 

 were carried on under the same S3^stem. I would place in an 

 ordinary bottle eight or ten ounces of milk, note the time I 

 commenced Avith the samples and agitate it until the l>«tter 

 appeared ; I then would note the time, and churn some minutes 

 longer, until it appeared to be perfectly separated. In fact, 

 I find I can predict, by observing the milk first with the 

 microscope, the time required to churn by this process. A 

 few days ago, I went to one of my neighbors, who has kindly 

 put his herd of Jerseys at my disposal for these experiments, 

 and got a bottle of the milk of his l^est cow, at the period 

 most fiivorable to the size of the globules ; I examined it 

 under the microscope, and wrote down on a piece of paper, 

 "It will take five minutes for that milk to churn." I took a 

 specimen of Ayrshire milk of the same quantity, examined it, 

 and wrote down, "It will take twenty minutes for that milk 

 to churn." The result was, the butter came in five minutes 

 and a quarter in the Jersey milk, and in nineteeu minutes in 

 the Ayrshire milk. That experiment shows that there is a 

 definite relation between the size of the globule and the time 

 required for churning. 



I will make one practical application of this discovery of 

 mine, and leave it there. In order to test the question of the 

 effect of the size of the globule upon churning, it occurred to 

 me, that if the milk of two different breeds was mixed, the 

 product of butter would be less from the two samples churned 

 too-ether, than the sum of the two churned separately. I 

 therefore took the usual quantity of Jersey milk and churned 

 it, and churned the same quantity of Ayrshire milk — all under 

 the same circumstances — and added together the result. I 



