LOOK OUT FOR THE FUTURE. 291 



along the wire, in an opposite direction from the bearing 

 arm. That is to provide you with fruit for the following year, 

 as the other has given you fruit this year. More care should 

 be taken of that shoot than the bearing one, because, if you 

 do not get that shoot, you do not get your next year's crop. 

 The object of this cane is simply to give you a crop next 

 season. You want to get as fine a quality of grape as you 

 can for this year's crop, and you want to get as strong a cane 

 as you cau for the succeeding year. You attain the first 

 object by pinching your shoots early, as I have indicated, to 

 get large leaves, well developed, and by keeping down the 

 superfluous growth afterwards, and by thinning your fruit. 

 The second you get by allowing the vine to grow one cane, 

 pinching out the laterals, and stopping it when it goes 

 beyond six feet, and then letting it take care of itself. At 

 the close of the fourth year, the pruning is simply this. Here 

 is a vine [a vine was here exhibited] which is a fair repre- 

 sentative of hundreds which I could show you. Here are 

 the upright shoots, twelve of them, which bore the crop the 

 past year. These upright shoots carried a cluster apiece, 

 perhaps one or two of them bore more. I allowed rather 

 more than twelve to grow this year, because the clusters were 

 not so large as usual. The others were pinched off, and 

 every lateral was pinched off. That is the way the whole 

 vineyard looks to-day. Now, the pruning is just this : with 

 a small saw or pruning shears, all the vine that has borne 

 fruit is cut off at a a, and the new cane is left precisely as the 

 other was the year before. The pruning, you see, is extremely 

 simple. It makes one cut to a vine. It is a wicked way of 

 pruning, in the eyes of most people, but it is a good one. 



The fifth year, you have got just what you had at the 

 close of the fourth ; you have simply one arm, only the arm 

 runs in a different direction. One year all the arms will run 

 towards the south ; the next year they will all run towards the 

 north; the next year towards the south again. That is, the 

 bearing arms grow one way and the growing arms the other ; 

 they change places. The arm that has borne your crop being 

 cut away, the remaining arm will bear the crop the next year, 

 and you grow a new one on the other side for the succeeding 

 crop. You have one cane bearing a crop, and you have a 



