G. B. LIPMAN. On the Lack of Antagonism between certain 

 Salts in the case of Bacillus subtilis. (Bot. Gaz., 49, 1910, 

 No. i, pp. 41-50, figs. 2.) Exper. Stat. Rec., Vol. XXII, May 1910, 

 n, 6, Washington. 



In continuation of earlier work with respect to ammonification 

 by Bacillus subtilis, an account is given of further experiments as to 

 the effect of calcium, magnesium, and sodium salts on this organism. 



The results of these experiments are in marked contrast to 

 those generally obtained with green plants. The author found that 

 for B. subtilis there was no antagonism between magnesium and 

 calcium or between sodium and calcium. Any combination of magne- 

 sium and calcium proved more toxic than magnesium chloride, and 

 any combination of sodium and calcium salts was more poisonous 

 than sodium chloride alone. In these respects the behaviour of 

 B. subtilis is said to have no parallel among plants so far as stu- 

 died, and scarcely any among animals. 



C. B. LIPMAN. Toxic and antagonistic effect of salts an re- 

 lated to ammonifications by Bacillus subtilis. (Bat. Gaz., 

 48 (1909), n. 2, pp. 105-125, figs. 5). E. S. JR., XXI, Decem- 

 ber 1909. 



The effect of the chlorides of calcium, magnesium, potassium, 

 and sodium, as shown on the activity of B. subtilis, is repor- 

 ted upon. 



Each of the four chlorides was found toxic in the order enume- 

 rated, calcium chloride being the most toxic and sodium chloride the 

 least. This is said to be quite different from the results with higher 

 plants, where magnesium is the most toxic and calcium the least. 

 There were found to be marked antagonisms existing between 

 calcium and potassium, magnesium and sodium, and potassium and 

 sodium. No antagonism was found to exist between magnesium 

 and calcium, but the toxic effect of each is increased by the ad- 

 dition of the other. 



These experiments are held to have practical application be- 

 cause of the fact that the salts experimented with are all found 

 in soils in greater or lesser amounts, and in some soils they are 

 present in excess. 



