now carried on, and the smaller quantity of stock ales now brewed, 

 have rendered the use of hops for their preservative effects less 

 essential. The industry is now passing through a phase of severe 

 depression, not only in England, but in Germany and other hop- 

 producing countries. It is probable that the ultimate result will 

 be a smaller acreage confined to the best quality of hop land, and 

 a reduction of the cost of production by the use of improved me- 

 thods of cultivation and management. " 



Experiments with Hops. (Journ. Sotith-Eastern Agric. Coll., 

 No. 17, 1908). The Journ. of the Board of Agric. March. 1910. 

 London, vol. XVI, No. 12 pag. 1026. 



" A paper by Messrs. E. S. Salmon and Arthur Amos gives the 

 results of an investigation into the value of the Male Hop. 



" It is shown that it is only when a certain number of the 

 bracteoles of the hops bear seeds that the hops " grow out " pro- 

 perly, and in order for seed to be produced it is absolutely ne- 

 cessary for the flower which grows at the base of each bracteole 

 to be fertilised by pollen dust from a male hop. 



" The amount of resins (lupulin) contained in seeded and 

 seedless hops was also investigated and it was found that the 

 effect of fertilisation was to increase the amount of resins. 



" A beginning has also been made since 1906 in the breeding 

 of improved varieties. " 



Experiments with Hop-Washes. - The Journal of the Board 

 of AgricuUui e. London, February 1910, vol. XVI, No. n, p. 897. 

 (Journal of South-Eastern Agric. Coll., n. 17, 1908). 



From theoretical considerations, a wash made from soft soap 

 alone would be as effectual for killing hop aphis as a mixture of 

 soft soap and quassia containing the same amount of soap, the 

 argument being that the soft soap will kill all it touches, and that 

 the addition of the quassia is therefore unnecessary. The majority 

 of practical hop growers, however, find that the mixture of soap 

 and quassia is more effectual. 



In order to test this point, the main part of the College garden 

 at the South-Eastern Agricultural College was washed twice with 

 a horse machine with a wash containing 7 Ib. of soft soap only 

 per 100 gallons. 



The number of live lice three days after each washing was 



