302 



of the fruit, the lower pressure in this case referring to the 

 ripe fruit, and is accounted for by the chemical changes in the 

 cell sap. 



A. KIRK. Grape culture. (London and Glasgow, 190^ pp. 75, 

 pis. 19, figs. 36). E. S. R., Febr. 1910. Washington. 



A treatise on growing grapes under glass, based upon the author's 

 .experience and observations covering a long period of years. The 

 text is well illustrated. 



Apples of Great Britain. The Journal of the Board of Agri- 

 culture, June 1910, Vol. XVII, N. 3, p. 254. 



; ' The apple is the most important fruit that ripens perfectly in 

 Great Britain, when both its culinary and its table value are taken 

 into account, but, unfortunately, apple orchards have been rather 

 neglected in this country. Considering the general demand for 

 this fruit, it is surprising that even those who have suitable situa- 

 tions and facilities for raising them, have not taken their share in 

 providing our markets with choice apples. The result is that other 

 countries have sought to meet the needs of our population, and a 

 continuous stream of apples arrives from abroad during many months 

 of the year. A perfect system of cold storage enables exporters 

 to send fruit, not only across the Atlantic, but also from Australia. 



' The secret of success with the apples sent from Nova Scotia, 

 California, Oregon, and from our own Colonies, is the superior 

 method of grading and packing. Growers in England, on the other 

 hand, often send the fruit to market as it is gathered, small and 

 large together, or, worse still, add the windfalls which they pick 

 up off the ground. These bruised, worm-eaten, defective apples 

 deteriorate the sample and lower the price of the whole. Windfalls 

 should be sold at home at a nominal price or given to pigs, and 

 should never be mixed with better fruit, as they only add* to the 

 cost of transit, market and commission charges, without themselves 

 yielding any return. Retailers often prefer barrel or box apples 

 from abroad to those grown at home, because the delivery is so 

 much better. The box or case apples are each packed separately 

 m paper, and thus reach the consumer in prime condition, with 

 extremely little waste. Oregon apples have fetched capital prices 

 during January. February and March this year, the figures ranging 

 from i2s. to i6s. per case of 40 Ib. net weight, or, roughly speaking'! 



