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less. Hundreds of people know, to their cost, that repeated spray- 

 ings do not always prevent Apple Scab. Why? Because, they do 

 not remove the dead twigs on which the fungus winters. It is 

 sometimes argued that this is impracticable, which is simply non- 

 sense. The same is true of most of common diseases, the cultivator 

 is led to believe by the manufacturer of spraying apparatus and 

 of various preparations warranted to cure every thing, and fre- 

 quently supported by expert opinion, that his salvation depends on 

 spraying alone ! Notwithstanding such persuasion and advice, the 

 cultivator will find it to his advantage to remove the primary cause 

 of disease whenever practicable rather than allow it to remain, and 

 endeavour by means of spraying alone, to keep it under subjection. 

 Diseased branches, fruit, etc.,, should be removed in fact, as far 

 as practicable, all diseased material should be destroyed. Unfortu- 

 nately it is not always possible to do so, as when potatoes attacked 

 by black scab or turnips suffering from finger-and-toe rot in the 

 ground. In such cases the land should be sterilised by the use 

 of quick-lime or gas lime. 



" Much has been written of late respecting the great advantage 

 derived from certain fungi parasitic on insects. Such statements 

 are perfectly true ; myriads of destructive insects are destroyed by 

 such means. This has happened in the past, and will continue in 

 the future. The one thing to refrain from is that of investing 

 money in any scheme having for its object the extermination of 

 injurious insects through the agency of fungi. Any such investment, 

 will be regretted." 



C. K. BANCROFT. Researches on the life history of Parasitic 

 Fungi. Annals of Botany, Vol. XXIV, No. XCIV, pp. 359-371. 

 London, April 10. 



Cladosporium herbarum is shown to be connected with another 

 conidial form belonging to the form-genus Hormodendron, commonly 

 regarded as saprophytic, which as a parasite causes disease of the 

 green foliage of many species of plants (cabbages, cucumbers, me- 

 lons, althea, etc.). The disease takes the form of large irregular 

 holes in the lamina of the leaf, and is favoured by damp summers. 



The A. investigates the appearance and course of the disease 

 and gives an account of the experiments carried out with it and 



