- 549 - 



2. However fresh the milk may be, the vast majority of the 

 cells in it never stain like active leucocytes with ordinary blood 

 stains. 



3. While many multi-nucleated cells are present, these are dis- 

 tinctly different from polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes. 



4. The cells present in milk, however fresh, are scarcely ever 

 amoeboid. 



5. Ingestion of bacteria by the cells present (phagocytosis) is 

 practically absent. 



6. In milk obtained from perfectly healthy cows these cells 

 may occur in vast numbers, and since the mammary gland in 

 structure resembles other glands, it is against analogy that vast 

 numbers of leucocytes should occur in its secretion. 



7. The cause of the presence of a considerable number of 

 cellular elements at times when there is no obvious reason, such 

 as in quarters of the udder which have a previous history of mas- 

 titis, etc., is easily explained if these cells are tissue cells and not 

 leucocytes. 



W. G. SAVAGE. The Significance of Leucocytes in Milk. (Jour, 

 of Roy. Inst. Publ. Health, 18, 1910, No. 2, pp. 65-71). Exp. 

 Stat, Rec., Vol. XXII, June 1910, No. 7. Washington. 



In the opinion of the author a differential enumeration of leu- 

 cocytes is of great value. Rigid standards as to the number of 

 leucocytes to allow in milk can not be set up, but the count in- 

 dicates the need for local investigation. With extended experience 

 it may do much more than this. The enumeration can be rapidly 

 performed. It gives definite information which inspection frequently 

 can not furnish, and the procedure reaches its highest utility when 

 combined with a bacteriological examination of the milk. 



A bibliography of the literature is appended. 



Effect of Brewers' grains on Milk. (Durham C. C. Education 

 Com. Offerton Bull.> No. 3) The Journal Board of Agriculture, 

 December 1909, No. 9, p. 753. 



" Experiments to test the effect of brewers' grains on the quan- 

 tity and quality of milk were carried out on behalf on the Durham 

 C. C. at Offerton Hall in 1905-06. (Journal of the Board of Agric., 

 May 1907, p. 87). The experiments were continued in 1907-8, 



