568 



For creamery use as many as ,00 gallons (450 litres) of star- 



ter may be required daily. The best method is to sterilise suf- 



ficient sbm-milk and inoculate this with the prepared culture. 



This has to be done daily, the milk inoculated one day being 



coagulated the next. By sterilising the skim-milk the work of the 



lesired bacteria is not impeded. If the culture is simply added 



the unpasteurised skim-milk, other germs may be present and 



impair the action of the culture and the butter-maker may have 



trouble. 



To the crops grown, the dairy farmer has now to add the 



c acid bacterium and here also many weeds may be met with 



he is negligent, if he pays little heed to the scalding of utensils 



and ripens the cream in any corner. On the other hand by a little 



e and much cleanliness the bacterium may be considered as a 

 most faithful servant. 



The packing of butter for the fresh butter trade is best done 



wrapping each brick or print in pure parchment paper, and 

 packing them in boxes made the exact sixe of a certain number 

 of packages. 



As for the marketing an entire change has come over the system 

 ring the last fifty years. Formerly every town had its own weekly 

 ^-market, where the farmers' wives and daughters brought their 

 ter and sold it directly to the consumers. About 1860 Holland 

 Denmark began selling their butter to wholesale houses who 

 turn offered it through travellers to retail grocers. On the other 

 '. habits of the housewives and consumers were chancing 

 thus one of the most pernicious systems has been introduced 

 the grocer's carts who go round buying butter, paying the 

 ime low prices both for the good and the bad. 



The only remedy to this state of things is cooperation. Collect 



raw material, milk or fresh cream at common centres, handle 



. according to scientific methods by means of a competent staff 



' butter in bulk and buyers will never be wanting. 

 The prices, according to the experience of the past and to 

 resent prospects would not be less than a shilling per Ib. (2 frs 75 

 per kg.) yearly average, or 30 % more than the actual price in 

 many counties in Scotland. 



Ireland is working out its agricultural salvation on these lines. 



1 here is no glut in the market although Ireland is sending to the 



b market hundreds of tons more of butter a year than it did 



10 years ago. The consumption of butter increases more rapidly 



