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J. H. HOLLAND. The Soy Bean and the Extraction of Soy-oil. - 



The Gardeners' Chronicle, n. 3615, p. 238. London, April 9, 1910. 



Speaking before the Linnean Society, Mr. J. H. Holland stated 

 that the seeds of the Soy Bean may be black, brown, green or 

 greenish yellow, yellow, or mottled. The plant is variously known 

 as the Soy, Soja, Soya, White Gram, American Coffee-berry, and 

 China bean. In China and Japan, where the plant has been culti- 

 vated for many years, the beans are an important food, and they 

 are also said to be used as a substitute for coffee. Bean cake, and 

 the sauce commercially known as Soy is also made from them. 

 Their cultivation has been extended to India, Africa and other warm 

 countries, and in America the plant has been grown for a number 

 of years as a forage crop, and has special value as green manure. 



The principal use of the Beans in England is for the extraction 

 of the oil of which they contain about 18 % which is used as a 

 substitute for cotton-seed oil. The residue after the extraction of 

 the oil is suitable for feeding cattle, and is likely to compete se- 

 riously with sunflower-seed and cotton-seed cakes. The Beans can 

 be bought in London at about 5 to 6 per ton ; the oil realizes 

 from 21 to 22 per ton, and the cake about 6 to 7 per ton. 



Beans and bean cake exported from China have gone chiefly to 

 Japan and Asia, but since 1908 an important trade has grown up 

 in the beans between Manchuria and Europe. The cause of this 

 is the increase in the cultivation which took place at the time of 

 the Russo-Japanese war to meet demands for food for the Russian 

 army. When the army was withdrawn, the production being found 

 profitable and the home demand reduced, other markets were sought, 

 and from Japan the trade extended to Europe. 180 ooo tons of 

 the 1908 crop were exported to Europe, the greater part destined 

 for the English market. It is estimated that at present prices Eu- 

 rope may eventually take at leat i ooo ooo tons annually. 



The Consumption of Olive-Oil in England.// Sole, Milan, Italy, 

 July 15, 1910. 



England imports 5000 tons of olive-oil per annum, of which 

 2 ooo come from France, 1500 from Italy, 1000 from Turkey, and 

 the remainder from Spain and other countries. Italian oils command 

 the highest prices, being paid 1325 francs per ton. The favourite 

 qualities are those of Lucca and Provence. The demand amongst 



