I4O THE FARMER S VETERINARIAN 



of spirits of ammonia and 4 tablespoonfuls of sul- 

 phuric ether. This should be mixed with a pint of 

 water and given promptly. In case of considerable 

 pain use this: 4 to 6 tablespoonfuls of hydrate of 

 chloral and eight tablespoonfuls of sugar mixed in 

 a pint of water and give as a drench. 



CONCRETIONS OR CALCULI OF URIN- 

 ARY ORGANS. The collection of solid mineral 

 matter in the urine may become lodged in 

 the kidney, the ureter (duct leading from 

 the kidney), the bladder or urethra (the duct 

 leading from the bladder). All animals are 

 more or less subject to these conditions, and yet 

 are not so affected as they are sometimes thought 

 to be. Many a case of so-called kidney colic is in 

 reality an affection of the digestive system. The 

 cause for these mineral accumulations perhaps varies 

 under different conditions, yet the most common 

 circumstance under which they occur is during the 

 time when animals are fed exclusively or largely 

 upon dry feed such as exists in the winter time 

 where silage is not fed. Wheat bran has been at- 

 tributed as one of the most sourceful means of 

 bringing on this trouble. When it is fed with suc- 

 culent feeds and an abundance of water allowed 

 these disorders do not occur. 



The symptoms do not differ a great deal from 

 some forms of colic, due to stomach or intestinal 

 disturbances, especially in the frequent attempts 

 to empty the bladder. The animal usually shows 

 more or less pain from the restless condition, looks 

 around at the flank, dribbles his urine frequently, 

 which is occasionally blood stained. There may be 

 a complete obstruction of the passages, in which 

 case no urine is voided. 



Treatment varies with the location of the trouble, 



