32 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 354 



Separate samples containing sapwood alone, heartwood alone, and 

 mixtures of both heartwood and sapwood were prepared. 



Twenty-pound samples of red maple were made, both from freshly 

 cut and partially seasoned bolts. The method of reducing bolts to shav- 

 ings or chips is to peel all bark and plane the peeled bolt on a 6-inch power 

 jointer. The size of chips may be varied by lowering or elevating the rear 

 table of the jointer. 



Sapwood chips are secured by planing surfaces around the bolts until 

 the heartwood is reached. The center portion is then chipped for heart- 

 wood samples. By planing without turning the bolts, a mixture of heart 

 and sapwood is produced. 



L. C. Swain 



FRUIT PRODUCTION 



The Effect of Fertilizer Elements on Apples and 

 Leaf Scorch in Deciduous Fruit Plantings: 



Leaf scorch of Mcintosh has not yet been reduced by mulching with 

 hay. Sawdust-mulched trees from the paler color of their leaves, show a 

 state of nitrogen deficiency. Trees mulched with hay are making the best 

 growth. Treating the soil with magnesium sulphate has not been effective 

 in controlling leaf scorch in the experimental orchard plots. 



Soil samples from under two trees affected with arrowhead leaf scorch 

 were taken into the greenhouse and placed in a bench divided into plots. 

 All plots were fertilized with nitrogen then differentially treated with 

 calcium lime, magnesium sulphate, and magnesium lime. "Seven-top" 

 turnips were grown, and dry weights of the top and roots measured at 

 harvest. Calcium lime and magnesium lime, but not magnesium sulphate, 

 caused a significant increase in top growth over the control. There was 

 no significant difference between top weight of turnips from calcium lime 

 and magnesium lime plots or between magnesium sulphate and control 

 plots. Root growth was the same with all treatments and controls. Ob- 

 viously, the lime, and not the magnesium, caused improved growth of 

 foliage. 



L. P. Latimer, G. P. Percival 



Winter Injury to Deciduous Fruits 



Thermocouples were installed in different parts of apple and peach 

 trees, and temperature studies were made over a three-month period dur- 

 ing the winter of 1943-44. Temperatures as high as 86° F were recorded 

 in the cambium on the south side of peach tree trunks, and those in the 

 south sides of apple tree trunks frequently rose to 60° F on clear days even 

 though the air temperature was below 32° F. This amounted to a differ- 

 ence of from 50° to 55 °F on opposite sides of peach tree trunks, and from 

 30° to 35 °F in apple trees. By painting the trunks of half the trees white 

 the differences in temperature were reduced to not more thanz 10°F in the 

 case of both peach and apple. 



Preliminary experiments on cabbage indicate that it might be possible 

 to measure the death point in plants due to cold by means of electrical 



