140 INSPECTION-LAWS RELATING TO TURPENTINE. 



Georgia. — Inspectors of turpentiae, &c., may "be appointed by cities, 

 and tbeir duties prescribed. Soft turpentine to be put up in barrels, as 

 in North Carolina, and to be branded "V," for virgin turpentine; "S" 

 for yellow dip, and "H" for hard. 



Florida. — The governor may appoint inspectors of tar and turpen- 

 tine. Makers required to brand their initials on the barrels. Inspectors 

 are to mark the products that come under their notice as follows: " V^ 

 for pure virgin dip, "D" for pure yellow dip, "S" for pure scrape. If 

 the first two of these be impure or mixed, the " Y" or "D" is to be in- 

 closed in a circle. If the scrape is not passable, it is marked with an 

 "X" in a circle. 



Allowances and deductions are to be made ou turpentine with refer- 

 ence to the following particulars: 



1st. When virgin dip is dipped from burnt boxes, or contains burnt 

 cinders, or sand. 



2d. When virgin dip is mixed with chips, bark, or other impurities. 



3d. When virgin dip is mixed with yellow dip, or scrape. 



4th. When yellow dip is mixed, or contains chips, straw, bark, scrape, 

 or sand, or other impurities. 



5th. When scrape contains more chips than are absolutely necessary 

 to get it off, or dirt, or other impurities. 



6th. When yellow dip, virgin dip, scrape, or tar contains water, or 

 there is an excess of wood in the barrels containing it, or it is injured 

 by long standing or leakage. 



7th. When tar or turpentine of any class is contained in insufficient 

 or unmerchantable barrels. 



The size of barrels is fixed at 30 to 32 inches in length, and the weight 

 280 pounds, gross, for turpentine, and 320 for tar. Allowance is to be 

 made for deficiencies, and records are to be kept, but inspection is not 

 obligatory upon the producers of tar and turpentine in this iState. 



Alabama. — Inspectors are to be appointed by the cities, and their du- 

 ties prescribed by municipal law. 



Eesinous products of France.— These are chiefly derived from the 

 maritime pine {Finus pinaster., L.), which begins to yield resin abundantly 

 when 25 to 30 years old, and when the process is well managed it will 

 continue to yield for a very long time. In the forest of la Teste are some 

 pines with as many as 60 scars of places where they have been tapped. 

 Supposing that they were made new every fourth year (they generally 

 are once in 5 years), the working of these trees goes back 240 years, or, 

 adding the years of youth, to 270 years. It is difficult to tell what is 

 the period of greatest annual production, but, according to what we see 

 in nature, it is not near the beginning nor the end of a tree's life. 



It is easier to describe the pine that is the best producer of resin. The tree is short, 

 thick, stout, the head well developed and well set with branches ; in short, such a tree 

 as we might call apoplecdc. Its girth at a meter above the soil ought to be 1.1 meter 

 (43 inches), that it may be able to endure tapping without injury, and its height to the 

 branches should be, among the dunes, from G to 8 meters (about 20 to 26 feet), while in 

 the Landes it would be 12 to 15 meters (40 to fiO feet). The tufts of six or seven pines 

 would fill a st^re. Sucli a specimen can only be found in open woods, trained regu- 

 larly, and containing not more than 65 to 80 trees to the acre. It is further observed 

 that the nearer we approach the sea, the slower the growth of wood becomes, while 

 the amount of resin increases both in quantity and quality. We have already seen 

 how much less length of trunk is required in the dunes, when separated from the sea 

 and sheltered by them. The annual production of a tree varies from 3. to 4 liters, 

 weighing 1| to 2 pounds each. There is no definite relation between the volume of 

 the stem and the production of resin. It is most when the tufts of leaves are best de- 

 veloped. i 



1 Bevue des Eaux et Forets, 1875, p. 97. 



