BEQUESTS FOR THE PROMOTION OF SYLVICULTURE. 215 



registratioQ of timber-marks at a central office, and for the issue of cer- 

 tificates of reg;istry as a further protection to the owners, just as 

 copy -rights and trade-marks are protected in the United States.^ Such 

 a law deserves the attention of Congress, because a river used for lum- 

 ber purposes may form the boundary between States, like the Menom- 

 ouee — or timber may be rafted from one State to mills in another, or 

 may escape from booms and be found in other States. In these cases, 

 protection to the owners, is obviously within the province of national 

 laws, and a duty which the United States owes to its citizens. 



BEQUESTS FOR THE PROMOTION OF SYLVICULTURE. 



The Michaux Legacies in America. 



Few names, among European botanists, deserve more honorable no- 

 tice, in connection with American forestry, than that of Michaux. Of 

 this name there were two, who gave special attention to our forest 

 botany, and left permanent records of their labors.^ The younger of 

 these, as a crowning act of his life, provided in his will for two bequests, 

 from which we may reasonably expect a most honorable and useful result.^ 



' The Dumber of timber-marks registered and certified in Canada during eight years 

 commencing in 1870, was 525. The act under ■which these entries were made was 

 assented to May 12, 1870, and obliges all persons using log-marks to file a description 

 in the office of the Minister of Agriculture, under a penalty of §50 for neglect. The 

 fees, are §2 at entry, $1 for recording an assignment, and 50 cents for a copy of the 

 record. 



-Andre Michaux (born in 1746) came to America in October, 1785, and during the 

 nine years that he remained here, traveled extensively in the Middle, Southern, and 

 Western States, and northward toward Hudson's Bay, procuring trees for the estab- 

 lishment at Rambouillet, in France, to which he sent G0,U00 stocks. The French revo- 

 lution sadly deranged his plans, and almost neutralized his labors. 



In 1801 he published, in Paris, a folio volume with 36 plates, entitled " Histoire des 

 Chcnes de VAmetique, oil descriptions et figures de toutes les especes et vari^Us d'Avieriqiie Sejy- 

 tetitrionaJe, consideres sous les rapports de la hotaiiique de leur culture et de leur usage." 



In 1803 there was published in his name, at Paris, in 2 volumes, 8°, a work entitled 

 "Flora Borealis- Americana, sistens caracteres planiarum quas in America Sejytentrionali 

 collegit et detexit," with 51 plates. The author had set out on an expedition to New 

 HoUanil in 1800, and died in Madagascar in 1802, before this work was issued. 



Andre FRA^'gois Michaux, son of the preceding, was born in 1770, and died in 

 Paris October 23. 1855. Having resided and traveled in this country several years, he 

 published, in Paris, in 1605, an octavo tract entitled " Memoire sur la naturalisation des 

 arbres Forestios de VAmerique Septenfrionale," and the year previous, a volume of travels 

 in Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, in French. The latter was translated into English 

 and published in London in 1805. 



In 1810 he published, at Paris, in 3 volumes, a magnificent work, entitled "Histoire 

 des Arires Forestiers de VAmerique Sejjtentrionale, consideres prindpalement sous les rapports 

 de leur usages dans les Arts et de leur int)-oduction dans le Commerce.''^ 



In the same year appeared the "Histoire des Pins et des Sapins de TAminque Septen- 

 irionale." 4to. In 181U he published, in Paris, in 3 volumes, the "North American Si/lra : 

 A Description of the Forest Trees of the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia, ivith a descrip- 

 tion of the Alost Useful European Forest Trees," translated from French by Augustus L. 

 Hillhouse. This has since been published at New Harmony, in Indiana, and at Phila- 

 delphia, from the original engraved plates. 



3 In his will, dated September 4, 1855, M. A. F. Michaux, made the following provis- 

 ion : •' Wishing to recognize the services and good reception and the cordial hospitality 

 which my father and myself, together and separately, have received during our long 

 and often perilous travels in all the extent of the United States, as a mark of my lively 

 gratitude, and also to contribute in that country to the extension and progress of agri- 

 culture, and more especially of sylviculture, in the United States, I give and bequeath 

 to the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, of which I have the honor ti> 

 be a member, tiie sum of $12,000 (at 5.40 the dollar, 64,800 francs). I give and be- 

 queath to the Society of Agriculture and Arts in the State of Massachusetts, in which 

 I have the honor to be a member, the sum of §8,000 (at 5.40 the dollar, is 43,200),. these 

 two sums together making 180,000 francs, or again §20,000. I give and bequea.h,tht) 



