376 RECENT SWISS LAW FOR REBOISEMENT. 



III. ArUANGEMENTS CONCEUXING THE PRESERVATION OF FORESTS, AND THE CONDI- 

 TIONS IMPOSED UPON THEIR OWNERS. 



Art. 10. All forests placed under the high surveillance of the confederation (Art. 3), 

 shall be marked out within a period of five years at most. Whenever a massive forest 

 is composed of parcels belonging to different owners, it will bo sufficient to mark its 

 outer limit only. 



Art. 11. Within the limits that maybe fixed, there shall be no diminution ivithout 

 pa-mission of the cantonal authorities, and all cuttings and clearings that may be here- 

 after worked shall be reforested, unless an equivalent area of other land not in forest 

 is y lanted. 



All clearings are prohibited under the following conditions: 



(1) In forests of protection ; 



(2) Whenever they might endanger such protecting forests. 



Exceptions may be made from these rules whenever specially authorized by the fed- 

 eral council. 



Art. 12. All actual partitions of rights of property, or lights of usage concerning 

 forests owned by the state, by communes, and by corporations are forbidden, unless in 

 exce^jtional circumstances, and with the knowledge of the cantonal government. 



Art. 13. The forests belonging to commuues and corporations shall not be alienated 

 without permission of the cantonal government. 



Art. 14. The rights of range, of gathering nuts, and all other rights which bear upon 

 protecting forests (Art. 4), shall be redeemed, if incompatible with the object for 

 which such forests are maintained. This redemption shall be made within a period of 

 ten years at most. 



The rights of usage of wood, which bear upon forests subject to the high surveillance 

 of the confederation, shall be redeemed out of the proprietary fund. The indemnity 

 may be paid in money, or, if circumstances prevent, by the surrender of an equivalent 

 parcel of land of the same quality. 



The cantonal legislatures shall fix the mode of acquiring these franchises, and the 

 proceedings to be had in redeeming the rights above mentioned. 



The forests shall not be burdened with new servitudes of this kind. 



Art. 15. All acts done contrary to articles 12, 13, and 14 are void. 



IV. PROVISIONS FOR MANAGEMENT— CREATION OF NEW FORESTS. 



Art. 16. There shall be prepared a plan of the forests owned by the State, by com- 

 munes, and by corporations, to the end that they may be properly managed and their 

 working regulated. The annual capacity of the forest shall be determined and founded 

 upon a report made. This shall not be exceeded, unless by authorization of the can- 

 tonal government. 



If from exceptional circumstances or illicit working the fixed limit be surpassed, the 

 cuttings for the following years shall be reduced in a corresponding degree. 



Art. 17. In forests where for the time being definite plans of management shall not 

 have been promulgated, there shall be prepared a provisional plan of working to fix 

 the limit of annual capacity, as well as a mode of utilizing the regeneration and culti- 

 vation of the forests. 



Art. 18. The cantons shall be allowed to regulate the working of forests belonging 

 to individuals within the limits of the present law. 



Art. 19. The cantonal governments are required to take the measures of adminis- 

 tration and police necessary to secure the preservation of protecting forests (Art. 4), and 

 to realize the end for which they are established. 



Art. 20. The incidental usages practiced in these forests which tend to injure good 

 management, such as the range of large or small cattle, the collection of nuts, leaves, 

 &c., shall be regulated by the cantons, or, if need be, suspended or suppressed. Such 

 incidental usages as are admissible, absolutely or conditionally, shall be regulated in 

 the interest of good management. ' 



Art. 21. Such land as might bo used for establishing important forests of protection, 

 in the sense specified in Art. 4, shall be planted in forest, upon demand of the cantonal 

 govercment or of the federal council. 



The canton and the confederation shall contribute to the cost of first planting, and, 

 if the federal council deems it proper, to the work of amelioration that may be neces- 

 sary in the course of the next four years, when there has been no fault on the i)art of 

 the proprietor. 



Art. 22. If the land to be planted with forest belongs to an individual, ihe canton 

 has a right to demand, and the owner is held to give, the price for absolute sale, in 

 accordance with the federal law of May 1, 1850, providing for the extinguishment of 

 title for the public use. 



V. CONCERNING FEDERAL SUBSIDIES. 



Art. 23. The confederation will assist the course of sylviculture above required, in 

 accordance with article 9, and organize it in concert with the cantons. 

 Art. 24. The confederation will also assist : 



