398 FOREST VEGETATION IN J<EW HAMPSHIRE. 



year's product by one-third, and would exceed that of the coming sea- 

 son by one-fourtb. 



On the Androscoggin River. — On this river there has usually been cut, 

 above Bethel, for the last ten years, 5,000,000 feet annually. The pres- 

 ent season it was estimated would produce 25,000,000 to 30,000,000. 

 This has reference to the lumber cut for the market, not including that 

 for home consumption. 



On the Sandy River. — But very little lumber has been cut from 18G7 

 to the present time, with the exception of one year (some five years ago), 

 wben about 1,200,000 were cut. 



Transported by the Maine Central Railroad. — The number of car-loads 

 of lumber transported by this road was as follows, in the last two years: 



1876, 2,987 cars of " loug" and 1,962 cars of " short" lumber. 



1877, 2,393 cars of " long" and 1,814 cars of " short" lumber. 



With respect to the prospects for 1878, the Kennebec Journal, of De- 

 cember 26, 1877, says : 



"On a review of the entire field, there will, perhaps, be more lumber 

 cut the present than the past year, and unless something unusual oc- 

 curs, the low prices will prevail the next year. There has been a large 

 number of failures during the year among lumbermen, affecting some of 

 the largest corporations. The most of them, however, have effected a 

 settlement, and are doing business again, their creditors having gen- 

 erally manifested a liberal disposition. The failures generally have not 

 been because of bad management, extravagance, or fraud, but on ac- 

 count of continued depression in business and the failures of large pur- 

 chasers." 



CuiviBERLAND CouNTY. — The principal native trees of this section in 

 the order of greatest abundance are pine, oak, maple, birch, beech, 

 poplar, ash, and bass. The most valuable is the pine ; the most valued 

 for fuel, beech and maple. Where pine is cut off the next growth is 

 birch, beech, and maple, with an occasional hornbeam. — A. P. Reed, 

 South Bridgeton, Me. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



A chapter on the distribution of plants in New Hampshire, by Will- 

 iam F. Flint, published in the geological survey of this State,^ gives 

 some account of the forest trees and their distribution, from which we 

 condense the following notes : 



The whole State was originally covered with a dense forest growth, 

 the principal kinds of timber being pines, spruces, oaks, and hickories, 

 beech, chestnut, white, red, and sugar maples, butternut, birches, elm, 

 white and black ashes, basswood, and poplars. A striking contrast is 

 shown in the aspect of the northern and southern portions of the State, 

 caused by differences of temperature due to altitude, the transition be- 

 ing gradual, some species becoming scarce, and finally disappearing, 

 while others first appearing in small numbers increase as we go north 

 or south until they may become the prevailing kinds. A few si)ecies 

 occur throughout the entire State. A line drawn from North Conway 

 to Lake Winnipiseogee, and from thence to Hanover, would somewhat 

 distinctly divide the northern from the more southern types. This 

 transition area would be at an elevation of about 600 feet above tide, 

 corresi)onding with the annual mean of 45°, or of 20° in winter and 65° 

 in the summer months. 



^Geolofiy of Neiv Hampshire, 1874, vol. 1, p. Sbl ; accompanied by a colored map, show- 

 ing the distribution of forest trees. 



