TREES AND SHRUBS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 411 



Xir.— LAURIN^ : The Cinnamon Family. 



Sassafras officinale (Sassafras). Grows in this State seldom over 30 feet 

 high, and a foot in diameter, yet larger specimens have been found. 

 It grows in almost every part of the State. 



Benzoin odoriferum (Fever-Bush; Spice-Bush). A shrub, 4 to 10 feet in 

 height. 



XIII.— THYMELACE^ : The Mezereum Family. 



Dirca palustris (Leather -Wood). A small shrub in wet, marshy and 

 shady places. 



XIV.— EMPETRACE^ : Crowberry Family. 



Oakesia Conradi (Plymouth Crowberry). A low, heath-like shrub. 



XV.— OLEACE^ : The Olive Family. 



Ligustrum vulgare (Common Privet). Naturalized. 



Syringa vulgaris (Lilac). Naturalized. 



Fraxinus acuminata (White-Ash). Found throughout the State, but 

 flourishes best in a deep loamy soil, near the banks of a river, or in 

 a moist meadow. 



Fraxinus puhescens (Bed Ash). On rich intervale land on the Connecti- 

 cut Biver ; often over 3 feet in diameter, and 50 to 60 feet high. In 

 Springfield one was measured that was 10 feet 4 inches around at 

 the ground and 9 feet at a yard from the ground. This is a spread- 

 ing tree, and does not grow to great height except in the forest. 



Fraxinus samhucifolia (Black Ash). Mostly confined to swamps and the 

 muddy banks of rivers where the soil is permanently moist. 



Fraxinus excelsior (European Ash). Introduced, and found to grow as 

 vigorously as any of the native species. 



XVI.— AQDIFOLIACEiE : The Holly Family. 



Ilex opaca (American Holly). Found plentifully in Quincy, at Cohas- 

 set, and especially at New Bedford, and on Naushon Island. 



Nemopanthes Canadensis (Wild Holly). A shrub in the eastern and mid- 

 dle part of the State. 



Prinos verticillata (Black Alder). A shrub growing in moist moods. 



Frinos Iwvigatus (Single-berry Black Alder). A shrub growing in deep 

 swamps. 



Prinos glaber (Ink-berry). A delicate evergreen shrub ; of late much 

 cultivated. 



XVII.— RUBIACEiE : The Madder Family. 



Cephalanthus occidentalis (Button Bush). A small shrub along streams. 

 Mitchella repens (Partridge Berry.) A common, trailing evergreen plant. 



XVIII.— CAPRIFOLIACE^: The Honeysuckle Fajiily. 



Linnaja horealis (Twin Flower.) A common, creeping evergreen herb, 



with creeping woody stem. 

 Triosteum perfoliatum (Fever Eoot).> A coarse looking plant, found in 



shady places. 



