AMHERST EXPERIMENTS ON SAP-PRESSURE. 

 II. — Fluctuations in mercurial gauges, Amherst, Mass., 1874. 



427 



Trees, &c. 



4J Period observed. 



"^g^- Ending- 



Highest. 



Inches. Date, 



Inches. Date, 



|£a 



Acer ruhrum 



Acer sa cchannum ( 1 ) 



Acer saccharinum (2) 



Acer saccharinum (3) 



Acer saccharinum (4) 



Acer saccharinum, (5) 



Betula alba, var. populifolia . 

 Betula alba, var. populifolia 



(root) 



Betula lutea (root) 



Betula lutea (upper gauge) . . . 

 Betula lutea (lower gauge) . . . 



Betula papyracea 



Juglans cinerea , 



Ostrya Virginica 



Pyrus maltis (root) 



Titis cestivalis (upper gauge) . 

 Tilis cestivalis (lower gauge) . 

 Titis (estivalis (root) 



Mar. 28 



Mar. 21 



Mar. 21 



Mar. 21 



Mar. 21 



Mar. 21 



Apr. 9 



Apr. 12 

 Apr. 23 

 Apr. 24 

 Apr. 9 

 May 3 

 Mar. 28 

 Apr. 9 

 May 15 

 May 12 

 May 7 

 May 2 



Apr. 24 

 June 2 

 May 1 

 May 14 

 June 2 

 June 2 

 June 30 



Sept. 14 

 June .30 

 May 21 

 June 30 

 June 30 

 Apr. 22 

 June 6 

 June 30 

 Aug. 17 

 Aug. 17 

 Sept. 14 



16.4 

 35.0 

 32.0 

 4.0 

 19.7 

 46.0 

 35.0 



3.3.6 

 68.0 

 36.8 

 65.5 

 54.0 

 10.8 

 35. G 

 13.3 

 35.0 

 74.0 

 78.3 



Apr. 8 

 Mar. 28 

 Mar. 28 

 Apr. 6 

 Mar. 28 

 Apr 2 

 Apr. 23 



May 12 



May 10 



Apr. 24 



Apr. 22 



May ti 



Apr. 14 



May 13 



May 31 



May 13 



May 26 



May 29 



— 1.4 



Apr. 10 

 Apr. 7 

 Apr. 4 

 ilaya, 4 

 5.3 lUar. 22 

 —2.3.0 Mar. 31 

 —17. May 10 



— 7.0 



—20.2 

 + 4.4 



— 9.3 

 —18.5 



— 7.0 

 0.7 



Aug. 26 

 Apr. 26 

 Apr. -28 

 May 19 

 June 14 

 Apr. 10 

 •21.7 1 May 19 

 1. 4 M.iy 15 

 6. 3 Aug 17 

 12. 7 I June 29 

 4. I May 2 



17.8 

 46.7 

 38.8 

 11.0 

 25.0 

 69.0 

 52.0 



53.8 

 63.6 

 46.1 

 84.0 

 61.0 

 11.5 

 57.3 

 14.7 

 41.3 

 86.7 



Gauge No. 1, of sugar-maple, was inserted into sap-wood about 2 feet from the ground; holes 1 inch 

 and 2 inches deep. 



Gauge No. 2 was connected by a stout rubber hose with a root 1 inch in diameter, washed bare, to 

 prevent wounding of fibers. It was cut open at 2 feet from the tree and the gauge connected with the 

 stump, which was attached to the trunk. 



Gauge No. 3 was attached in the same way to a detached root still remaining in the soil. 



Gauge No. 4 waa attached to a gas-pipe screwed 10 inches into the tree, admitting no sap except from 

 near the center of heart-wood. 



Gauge No. 5 was attached to the sap-wood, among the branches, at an elevation of 20 feet above 

 No. 1. 



The upper gauges of the yellow birch and vine were 30 feet above the lower ones. 



III. Water-gauges, show^ing absorption or flow of sap in detached roots of trees ; Amherst, 



Mass., 1874. 



[The inches in the following table are those of columns of water in vertical tubes, 36 inches, weighing 



' In month ot May. 



* The tube was often emptied within an hour or two after it was filled, so rapid was the absorption. 



Experiments in tree planting hy Mr. Joseph S. Fay, at Trood's Holl., Barn- 

 stable County, Mass. 



At the close of the season of 1875, the plantation of Mr. Fay included 

 something over 125 acres, of which about 100 were sown broadcast, 

 chiefly in the spring, and about 25 were set with imported trees. The 

 seed sown were chiefly those of the native pitch-pine, with some white 

 pine, the Austrian, Scotch, and Corsican pine, the Norway spruce, and 

 the European larch. The imported trees number about 35,000, consist- 



